Six steps in quality intervention development (6SQuID).
Six steps in quality intervention development (6SQuID).
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DOI：
10.1136/jech-2015-205952
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Doi L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wight D;Wimbush E;Jepson R;Doi L
提高公共卫生干预措施的有效性既取决于对其设计和可行性的关注，也取决于对其评估的关注。然而，与如何评估干预措施的大量文献相比，很少有指导研究人员或从业人员如何最好地以实用，逻辑，循证的方式开发这种干预措施，以最大限度地提高可能的有效性。现有的制定公共卫生干预措施的模式往往具有很强的社会心理和个人行为改变导向，有些需要数年时间才能实施。本文提出了一个实用的指南，六个基本步骤的质量干预发展（6SQuID）。重点是公共卫生干预措施，但该模式应具有更广泛的适用性。一旦确定一个问题需要干预，设计干预措施的过程可分为六个关键步骤：（1）界定和了解问题及其原因;（2）确定哪些因果或背景因素是可以改变的：哪些因素的改变余地最大，谁将受益最多;（3）决定改变的机制;（4）确定改变的方式。（4）澄清如何提供这些服务;（5）测试和调整干预措施;（6）收集充分的有效证据，以便进行严格的评估。如果每一个步骤都得到认真处理，就可以避免对没有希望的干预措施进行昂贵的评价或执行，从而更好地利用稀缺的公共资源。
Improving the effectiveness of public health interventions relies as much on the attention paid to their design and feasibility as to their evaluation. Yet, compared to the vast literature on how to evaluate interventions, there is little to guide researchers or practitioners on how best to develop such interventions in practical, logical, evidence based ways to maximise likely effectiveness. Existing models for the development of public health interventions tend to have a strong social-psychological, individual behaviour change orientation and some take years to implement. This paper presents a pragmatic guide to six essential Steps for Quality Intervention Development (6SQuID). The focus is on public health interventions but the model should have wider applicability. Once a problem has been identified as needing intervention, the process of designing an intervention can be broken down into six crucial steps: (1) defining and understanding the problem and its causes; (2) identifying which causal or contextual factors are modifiable: which have the greatest scope for change and who would benefit most; (3) deciding on the mechanisms of change; (4) clarifying how these will be delivered; (5) testing and adapting the intervention; and (6) collecting sufficient evidence of effectiveness to proceed to a rigorous evaluation. If each of these steps is carefully addressed, better use will be made of scarce public resources by avoiding the costly evaluation, or implementation, of unpromising interventions.