Occupational injury deaths of 16 and 17 year olds in the US: trends and comparisons with older workers.
Occupational injury deaths of 16 and 17 year olds in the US: trends and comparisons with older workers.
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DOI：
10.1136/ip.3.4.277
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Malit, B D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Castillo, D N;Malit, B D
目的：研究1990-2三年间美国16岁和17岁青少年的职业伤害死亡模式，分析20世纪80年代以来的趋势，并与老年工人的死亡率进行比较。方法：使用基于死亡证明的国家创伤职业死亡监测系统对职业伤害死亡进行分析。死亡率是使用基于当前人口调查(一项月度家庭调查)数据的全职当量(FTE)工人的估计来计算的。结果：1990-2年间，16岁和17岁的死亡人数为111人。年均死亡率为3.5/10万FTE。死亡的主要原因是与机动车辆有关的、与凶杀有关的和与机械有关的。1990-2年间，16岁和17岁青少年的全因职业伤害死亡率低于成年人。主要死因(与机动车辆、凶杀和机械有关)的死亡率与青年和中年成年工人的死亡率相当或略高。虽然死亡率从1980年到1983年急剧下降，但这种下降趋势在后来几年有所减弱。结论：青年死亡率与成年工人死亡率的比较应考虑就业模式的差异，最重要的是工作时间。与年龄较小的成年人进行比较，比起所有18岁及以上的单一类别的工人更可取。增加对联邦童工法规的遵守可以帮助减少年轻人与工作有关的死亡。然而，还需要采取其他措施，因为有许多工作危险，包括与凶杀有关的危险，美国联邦童工法规没有解决这些问题。
OBJECTIVE: To examine patterns of occupational injury deaths of 16 and 17 year olds in the United States for the three year period 1990-2, examine trends since the 1980s, and compare fatality rates with those of older workers.METHODS: Occupational injury deaths were analyzed using the death certificate based National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system. Fatality rates were calculated using estimates of full time equivalent (FTE) workers based on data from the Current Population Survey, a monthly household survey.RESULTS: There were 111 deaths of 16 and 17 year olds for the years 1990-2. The average yearly rate was 3.5 deaths/100,000 FTE. The leading causes of death were motor vehicle related, homicide, and machinery related. All causes occupational injury fatality rates for 16 and 17 year olds were lower than for adults for 1990-2. Rates for the leading causes of death (motor vehicle related, homicide, and machinery related) were comparable or slightly higher than the rates for young and middle aged adult workers. Although rates decreased dramatically from 1980 to 1983, the decreasing trend attenuated in later years.CONCLUSIONS: Comparisons of youth fatality rates to those of adult workers should address differences in patterns of employment, most importantly hours of work. Comparisons to narrow age groupings of adults is preferable to a single category of all workers 18 years and older. Increasing compliance with federal child labor regulations could help reduce work related deaths of youth. Other measures are needed, however, as there are many work hazards, including those associated with homicides, that are not addressed by United States federal child labor law regulations.