Community-designed, built and managed toilet blocks in Indian cities
Community-designed, built and managed toilet blocks in Indian cities
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DOI：
10.1177/095624780301500202
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kerr, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burra, S;Patel, S;Kerr, T
本文描述了由城市贫民联合会和妇女合作社在印度非政府组织SPARC的支持下实施的社区设计、建造和管理厕所街区的十年方案。这一方案为数十万贫穷的城市居民提供了大大改善的卫生设施和洗涤设施，同时也表明印度所有城市都负担得起和管理得起这种设施。但该方案也向城市当局展示了城市贫困组织的能力和能力，并有助于改变贫民窟居民与地方政府机构之间的关系。这篇论文首先解释了为什么卫生设施被忽视，并描述了政府卫生项目的不足。然后，它描述了社区卫生设施的第一次试验，以及包括孟买、坎普尔和班加罗尔在内的许多城市的艰难谈判。然后讨论了在浦那和孟买开发的主要社区厕所计划。它强调了使这些公共厕所街区比以前的公共厕所街区工作得更好的创新，城市贫困组织承担这些项目的原因，吸取的教训，以及社区厕所街区帮助解决城市穷人面临的其他问题的方式。
This paper describes the ten-year programme of community-designed, built and managed toilet blocks undertaken by urban poor federations and women's cooperatives, with support from the Indian NGO SPARC. This programme has reached hundreds of thousands of poor urban dwellers with much improved sanitation and facilities for washing, it has also demonstrated how such provision is affordable and manageable for all Indian cities. But this programme has also demonstrated to city authorities the capacity and competence of urban poor organizations, and helped change the relationship between the residents of slums and local government agencies. The paper begins by explaining why sanitation has been neglected, and describes the inadequacies in government sanitation programmes. It then describes the first experiments with community sanitation and the difficult negotiations in many cities, including Mumbai, Kanpur and Bangalore. Then it discusses the major community toilet programmes that developed in Pune and Mumbai. It highlights the innovations that allowed these to work better than previous public toilet blocks, the reasons why the urban poor organizations took on these projects, the lessons learnt and the ways in which community toilet blocks helped address other problems faced by the urban poor.