SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) from New York City.
SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) from New York City.
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数百万只挪威大鼠（褐家鼠）居住在纽约市（NYC），这表明严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）有可能从人类传播给大鼠。我们评估了2021年秋季从纽约市捕获的79只大鼠的SARS-CoV-2暴露情况。结果显示，79只大鼠中有13只（16.5%）IgG或igm阳性，所有4只qRT-PCR（逆转录定量PCR）阳性的大鼠均恢复了部分SARS-CoV-2基因组。基因组分析表明，这些病毒与遗传谱系B有关，该谱系在大流行早期的2020年春季在纽约市占主导地位。为了进一步研究大鼠对SARS-CoV-2变异的易感性，我们进行了一项病毒挑战研究，发现α、δ和Omicron变异可引起野生型Sprague Dawley （SD）大鼠的感染，包括在上呼吸道和下呼吸道的高复制水平，以及诱导先天和适应性免疫反应。此外，Delta变异导致最高的传染性。总之，我们的研究结果表明，大鼠易感染α、德尔塔和欧米克隆变异，纽约市市政下水道系统中的野生挪威大鼠已暴露于SARS-CoV-2。我们的研究结果强调需要进一步监测城市大鼠种群中的SARS-CoV-2，并评估这些大鼠种群继发性人畜共患病传播给人类的潜在风险。
Millions of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) inhabit New York City (NYC), presenting the potential for transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans to rats. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 exposure among 79 rats captured from NYC during the fall of 2021. Our results showed that 13 of the 79 rats (16.5%) tested IgG- or IgM-positive, and partial SARS-CoV-2 genomes were recovered from all 4 rats that were qRT-PCR (reverse transcription-quantitative PCR)-positive. Genomic analyses suggest these viruses were associated with genetic lineage B, which was predominant in NYC in the spring of 2020 during the early pandemic period. To further investigate rat susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 variants, we conducted a virus challenge study and showed that Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants can cause infections in wild-type Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, including high replication levels in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and induction of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Additionally, the Delta variant resulted in the highest infectivity. In summary, our results indicate that rats are susceptible to infection with Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants, and wild Norway rats in the NYC municipal sewer systems have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Our findings highlight the need for further monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in urban rat populations and for evaluating the potential risk of secondary zoonotic transmission from these rat populations back to humans.
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