Image Watermarking Method Satisfying IHC by Using PEG LDPC Code
Image Watermarking Method Satisfying IHC by Using PEG LDPC Code
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DOI：
10.1587/transinf.2016mup0003
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
Nobuhiro Hirata;Takayuki Nozaki;Masaki Kawamura
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作者：
Nobuhiro Hirata;Takayuki Nozaki;Masaki Kawamura
提出了一种满足信息隐藏准则（IHC）的数字图像水印方法，该方法对JPEG压缩、剪切、缩放和旋转具有鲁棒性。当隐写图像被裁剪时，水印的标记位置不清楚。为了检测剪切的隐写图像中的位置，标记或同步码与水印一起嵌入在网格图案中。JPEG压缩、缩放和旋转攻击会导致提取的水印出现错误。针对这种错误，相同的水印被重复地嵌入在几个区域中。通过使用加权多数表决（WMV）算法，可以减少提取的水印中的错误的数量。为了纠正WMV算法输出中的残留错误，我们使用了一种高性能的纠错码：一种由渐进边缘增长（PEG）构造的低密度奇偶校验（LDPC）码。在计算机模拟中，使用IHC ver. 4.所提出的方法可以达到误码率为0，平均峰值信噪比为41.136dB，同步恢复的计算时间小于10s。因此，所提出的方法可以提供高的图像质量和快速的同步恢复。关键词：数字水印，LDPC码，渐进边缘增长，信息隐藏准则
We propose a digital image watermarking method satisfying information hiding criteria (IHC) for robustness against JPEG compression, cropping, scaling, and rotation. When a stego-image is cropped, the marking positions of watermarks are unclear. To detect the position in a cropped stego-image, a marker or synchronization code is embedded with the watermarks in a lattice pattern. Attacks by JPEG compression, scaling, and rotation cause errors in extracted watermarks. Against such errors, the same watermarks are repeatedly embedded in several areas. The number of errors in the extracted watermarks can be reduced by using a weighted majority voting (WMV) algorithm. To correct residual errors in output of the WMV algorithm, we use a high-performance error-correcting code: a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code constructed by progressive edgegrowth (PEG). In computer simulations using the IHC ver. 4 the proposed method could a bit error rate of 0, the average PSNR was 41.136 dB, and the computational time for synchronization recovery was less than 10 seconds. The proposed method can thus provide high image quality and fast synchronization recovery. key words: digital watermarking, LDPC code, progressive edge-growth, information hiding criteria