Realisation of a fully-deterministic microlensing observing strategy for inferring planet populations
Realisation of a fully-deterministic microlensing observing strategy for inferring planet populations
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DOI：
10.1002/asna.201011400
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发表时间：
2010-07
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
M. Dominik;U. Jørgensen;N. Rattenbury;M. Mathiasen;T. Hinse;T. Hinse;S. Novati;K. Harpsoe;V. Bozza;T. Anguita;M. Burgdorf;K. Horne;M. Hundertmark;E. Kerins;P. Kjærgaard;C. Liebig;L. Mancini;G. Masi;S. Rahvar;D. Ricci;G. Scarpetta;C. Snodgrass;J. Southworth;R. Street;J. Surdej;C. Thöne;Y. Tsapras;Y. Tsapras;J. Wambsganss;M. Zub
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文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Dominik;U. Jørgensen;N. Rattenbury;M. Mathiasen;T. Hinse;T. Hinse;S. Novati;K. Harpsoe;V. Bozza;T. Anguita;M. Burgdorf;K. Horne;M. Hundertmark;E. Kerins;P. Kjærgaard;C. Liebig;L. Mancini;G. Masi;S. Rahvar;D. Ricci;G. Scarpetta;C. Snodgrass;J. Southworth;R. Street;J. Surdej;C. Thöne;Y. Tsapras;Y. Tsapras;J. Wambsganss;M. Zub
在不到 15 年的时间里，已知绕太阳以外恒星运行的行星数量已从零增加到 400 多颗，这四种成功应用的技术包括：多普勒摆动、行星凌日、引力微透镜和直接成像。在寻找双地球的同时，需要对各种行星种群进行统计上明确的样本来探索行星形成和轨道演化的模型，以便能够了解孕育生命的行星（包括我们的行星）的起源。鉴于检测技术的不同特点，完整的图像只能由它们各自结果的组合得出。微透镜观测非常适合通过微透镜观测揭示银盘或核球中绕恒星运行的行星数量的统计特性，但强制性要求是采用严格确定性的标准来选择目标和识别信号。在这里，我们描述了 2008 年 6 月至 8 月期间，作为 MiNDSTEp（用于探测小型类地系外行星的微透镜网络）活动的一部分，通过 ESO La Silla 丹麦 1.54 米望远镜的 ARTEMiS（自动机器人类地系外行星微透镜搜索）系统实现的完全确定性策略，利用对 SIGNALMEN 异常识别的可疑异常的即时反馈探测器。我们首次证明了这种方法的可行性，从而为通过地面观测研究小至地球质量甚至更低的行星人口做好了准备。虽然实时光度测量的质量是活动效率的关键因素，但可以成功避免质量差的数据对目标选择的影响。现代机器人望远镜具有更短的转换时间、更短的死区时间和更高的吞吐量，其性能可以显着优于 1.54 米丹麦望远镜，而幸运成像相机可以为微透镜事件的高精度后续监测设定新标准
Within less than 15 years, the count of known planets orbiting stars other than the Sun has risen from none to more than 400 with detections arising from four successfully applied techniques: Doppler-wobbles, planetary transits, gravitational microlensing, and direct imaging. While the hunt for twin Earths is on, a statistically well-defined sample of the population of planets in all their variety is required for probing models of planet formation and orbital evolution so that the origin of planets that harbour life, like and including ours, can be understood. Given the different characteristics of the detection techniques, a complete picture can only arise from a combination of their respective results. Microlensing observations are well-suited to reveal statistical properties of the population of planets orbiting stars in either the Galactic disk or bulge from microlensing observations, but a mandatory requirement is the adoption of strictly-deterministic criteria for selecting targets and identifying signals. Here, we describe a fully-deterministic strategy realised by means of the ARTEMiS (Automated Robotic Terrestrial Exoplanet Microlensing Search) system at the Danish 1.54-m telescope at ESO La Silla between June and August 2008 as part of the MiNDSTEp (Microlensing Network for the Detection of Small Terrestrial Exoplanets) campaign, making use of immediate feedback on suspected anomalies recognized by the SIGNALMEN anomaly detector. We demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of such an approach, and thereby the readiness for studying planet populations down to Earth mass and even below, with ground-based observations. While the quality of the real-time photometry is a crucial factor on the efficiency of the campaign, an impairment of the target selection by data of bad quality can be successfully avoided. With a smaller slew time, smaller dead time, and higher through-put, modern robotic telescopes could significantly outperform the 1.54-m Danish, whereas lucky-imaging cameras could set new standards for high-precision follow-up monitoring of microlensing events