Family farm dynamics in Canada and Israel: the case of farm exits
Family farm dynamics in Canada and Israel: the case of farm exits
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DOI：
10.1016/s0169-5150(99)00015-8
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发表时间：
1999-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Bollman, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kimhi, A;Bollman, R
加拿大是少数几个拥有单个家庭农场长期数据的国家之一。利用这些数据，研究人员已经能够证明加拿大家庭农场的大部分微观动态（例如规模分布的变化）可以归因于农民的进入和退出。然而，退出决定的行为方面在文献中很少受到关注。加拿大和以色列数据的比较可以帮助我们理解这些行为方面，因为两国农业部门之间存在巨大的制度差异，以及制度设置对退出决策可能产生的影响。退出模式的比较可以使我们认识到农民流动对制度设置的依赖性。这也可能具有政策相关性。在加拿大和以色列，退出概率随着非农工作程度的增加而降低。我们的结论是，非农工作是农业工作的补充，而不是替代，这可能是因为其波动性较小。超过一定年龄的加拿大和以色列农民都更有可能随着年龄的增长而退出，这是自然结果，但加拿大的退出概率随着年龄的增长而上升得比以色列快得多。加拿大和以色列农场退出模式的主要区别在于农场规模。农场规模会降低加拿大的退出概率，但会增加以色列的退出概率。也许这是因为以色列农场的退出比加拿大的退出提前计划得少。以色列对土地交易的制度限制也可能发挥了作用。 (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. 保留所有权利。
Canada is one of the few countries for which data exist on individual family farms over time. Using these data, researchers have been able to show that much of the microdynamics of family farms in Canada (e.g. changes in size distribution) can be attributed to farmer entry and exit. However, the behavioral aspects of the exit decision received little attention in the literature. A comparison of Canadian and Israeli data could help us understand these behavioral aspects because of the vast institutional differences between the farm sectors in the two countries, and the possible effect of the institutional setup on exit decisions. Comparison of exit patterns may enable us to identify the dependence of farmers' mobility on the institutional setup. This may also have policy relevance. In both Canada and Israel, exit probability decreases with the extent of off-farm work. We conclude that off-farm work is complementary rather than a substitute for farm work, perhaps due to its less volatile nature. Both, Canadian and Israeli farmers over a certain age are more likely to exit as they become older, which is a natural result, but exit probability in Canada rises much faster with age than in Israel. The major difference between Canadian and Israeli farm-exit patterns lies in the farm size. Farm size decreases exit probability in Canada but increases it in Israel. Perhaps this is because Israeli farm exits are less planned in advance than Canadian exits. Institutional constraints on land transactions in Israel may also play a role. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.