Girls, Boys, and High Achievers
Girls, Boys, and High Achievers
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女孩、男孩和高成就者
DOI：
10.3386/w25763
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Eleonora Patacchini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Angela Cools;Raquel Fernández;Eleonora Patacchini
本文研究了高中时期接触男女“优等生”对同龄人长期教育成果的影响。利用美国最近的一组学生的数据，我们通过利用一所学校内不同队列中学生与父母受过高等教育的同龄人接触的准随机变化来确定因果关系。我们发现，更多地接触“成绩优异”的男孩，就像他们父母所受的教育一样，会降低女孩继续完成学士学位的可能性，用大专学位取代后者。它还会对他们的数学和科学成绩产生负面影响，从长远来看，会降低劳动力参与率，提高生育率。我们探索了可能的机制，发现更多的暴露会导致更低的自信和抱负，以及更冒险的行为（包括在18岁之前生孩子）。受影响最严重的女孩是那些处于能力分布下半部分的女孩（根据皮博迪图片词汇测试的测量），那些父母中至少有一位受过大学教育的女孩，以及那些就读于社会经济分布上半部分学校的女孩。这种影响在数量上很重要：“优秀”男孩的百分比每增加一个标准差，获得学士学位的可能性就会降低2.2-4.5个百分点，具体取决于群体。另一方面，更多地接触“成绩优异”的女孩，会增加能力分布下半部分的女孩、父母没有受过大学教育的女孩，以及社会经济分布上半部分的女孩获得学士学位的机会。“优等生”对男性外向性的影响则明显不同：男孩不受任何性别“优等生”的影响。
This paper studies the effect of exposure to female and male “high-achievers” in high school on the long-run educational outcomes of their peers. Using data from a recent cohort of students in the United States, we identify a causal effect by exploiting quasi-random variation in the exposure of students to peers with highly- educated parents across cohorts within a school. We find that greater exposure to “high-achieving” boys, as proxied by their parents’ education, decreases the likelihood that girls go on to complete a bachelor’s degree, substituting the latter with junior college degrees. It also affects negatively their math and science grades and, in the long term, decreases labor force participation and increases fertility. We explore possible mechanisms and find that greater exposure leads to lower self-confidence and aspirations and to more risky behavior (including having a child before age 18). The girls most strongly affected are those in the bottom half of the ability distribution (as measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test), those with at least one college-educated parent, and those attending a school in the upper half of the socio- economic distribution. The effects are quantitatively important: an increase of one standard deviation in the percent of “high-achieving” boys decreases the probability of obtaining a bachelor’s degree from 2.2-4.5 percentage points, depending on the group. Greater exposure to “high-achieving” girls, on the other hand, increases bachelor’s degree attainment for girls in the lower half of the ability distribution, those without a college-educated parent, and those attending a school in the upper half of the socio-economic distribution. The effect of “high-achievers” on male out- comes is markedly different: boys are unaffected by “high-achievers” of either gender.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Davis-Kean, PE
通讯作者：
Davis-Kean, PE