Pragmatic identity and alterity in political discourse
Pragmatic identity and alterity in political discourse
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政治话语中的务实同一性和差异性
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
Ruxandra Boicu
中科院分区：
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作者：
Ruxandra Boicu
本文分析了一个政治语篇样本，即英国民族主义者、欧洲议会议员阿什利·莫特发表的题为“我们要回我们的国家”的演讲。在传播情境中，受众由保守、右翼的政治家或支持者组成，主要是民族主义的《当下》杂志的读者。政治家说话者既与在场的对话者互动，被认为分享说话者的民族和宗教身份，也与潜在的对话者互动，可能体现出被拒绝的另类。本文引用莫特的话来说明政治家的身份是如何在话语中通过身份和他性的本质的相互作用来协商的。它们的语言表现是人称指示语的出现和说话者赋予自己和对话者的语用角色。在政治话语中，“我”/“我们”和“他们”之间存在着深刻的对立。事实上，这种关系要复杂得多，但它可以归结为政治家接受他的盟友的另类，拒绝他的对手的另类。至于说话者所分配的语用角色，它们构成了话语中的“戏剧”，而话语则成为权力的战场：政治演讲所代表的宏观言语行为所释放的以言行事的力量所产生的说服力。
The article analyzes a sample of political discourse, namely the speech entitled “We Want Our Country Back”, delivered by the British nationalist, MEP, Ashley Mote. In the communication situation, the audience is made up of conservative, right-wing politicians or supporters, mainly readers of the nationalist “Right Now” magazine. The politician utterer interacts both with the interlocutors present, considered to share the speaker’s national and religious identity and with potential interlocutors that may embody a rejected alterity. The article quotes Mote’s words in order to demonstrate how the politician’s identity is negotiated in discourse through the interplay of hypostases of identity and alterity. Their linguistic manifestations are occurrences of personal deixis and the pragmatic roles that the utterer attributes to himself and to his interlocutors. In political discourse, there is a deep-going opposition between “I”/”We” and “They”. In fact, the relationship is more complex, but it can be reduced to the politician’s acceptance of his allies’ alterity and rejection of his opponents’ alterity. As to the pragmatic roles assigned by the utterer, they make up a ‘drama’ in discourse and the latter becomes the battlefield for power: the persuasive power that relies on the illocutionary forces released by the macro-speech act which a political speech stands for.