Second to fourth digit ratio, testosterone and perceived male dominance
Second to fourth digit ratio, testosterone and perceived male dominance
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2003.2502
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发表时间：
2003-10-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Manning, JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Neave, N;Laing, S;Manning, JT
先前的研究表明，具有与睾丸激素相关的极端特征的男性面孔被认为是占主导地位和男性化的。据报道，女性更喜欢男性化的男性面孔，因为她们可能认为睾丸激素标记是健康状况良好的“诚实”标志，这种考虑可能是她们审美偏好的基础。然而，明显的睾丸激素面部标记也与支配地位和一些消极的人格特征有关。这表明，女性的审美偏好可能是一个适应性的妥协之间的积极属性与高于平均水平的睾丸激素，和负面属性与更极端的男性化。本研究试图阐明激素标记物在女性对男性面部图像中的支配地位、男性气质和吸引力的感知中的作用。最近的证据表明，第2至第4指的相对长度（2D：4D比率）是产前睾酮水平的指标，因此可以作为产前激素环境的窗口。我们测量了男性大学生样本的2D：4D，并采集唾液样本分析循环睾酮水平。女性则对这些男性的面部图像进行了统治力、男子气概和吸引力的评分。我们的研究结果表明，男性2D：4D显着负相关的感知优势和男子气概，但没有吸引力。循环中的睾酮水平与支配地位、男子气概或吸引力无关。这些研究结果表明：（i）产前高水平的睾酮有助于“组织”男性面部特征，以随后反映可能在青春期激活的主导地位和男性特征;（ii）吸引力与睾酮水平没有直接关系。我们的结论是，面部优势和男子气概反映了男性的感知地位，而不是他的身体吸引力的妇女。
Previous studies have shown that male faces with extreme features associated with testosterone are perceived as dominant and masculine. Women have been reported to prefer more masculinized male faces as they may consider testosterone markers to be an 'honest' indication of good health, and such considerations may underlie their aesthetic preferences. However, pronounced testosterone facial markers are also associated with dominance, and several negative personality traits. This suggests that female aesthetic preferences may be an adaptive compromise between positive attributes associated with higher than average testosterone, and negative attributes associated with more extreme masculinization. This current study attempts to clarify the role of hormone markers in female perceptions of dominance, masculinity and attractiveness, in male facial images. Recent evidence suggests that the relative length of the 2nd to 4th finger (2D : 4D ratio) is a pointer to prenatal testosterone levels and may thus serve as a window to the prenatal hormonal environment. We measured 2D : 4D in a sample of male college students and took salivary samples to analyse circulating levels of testosterone. Women rated facial images of these males for dominance, masculinity and attractiveness. Our results show that male 2D : 4D was significantly negatively related to perceived dominance and masculinity but not attractiveness. Circulating testosterone levels were not related to dominance, masculinity or attractiveness. These findings suggest that: (i) high prenatal levels of testosterone serve to 'organize' male facial features to subsequently reflect dominance and masculine characteristics presumably activated during puberty; and (ii) attractiveness is not directly related to testosterone levels. We conclude that facial dominance and masculinity reflect a male's perceived status rather than his physical attraction to women.