Neurological aspects of areca and betel chewing
Neurological aspects of areca and betel chewing
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DOI：
10.1080/13556210120091473
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Chu, NS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chu, NS
据称，咀嚼槟榔能产生一种幸福感、欣快感、身体的温暖感觉、出汗、流口水、心悸、提高警觉性和工作能力。这些效应表明，咀嚼槟榔主要影响中枢和自主神经系统。已经进行了几项研究来阐明咀嚼槟榔对中枢和自主神经的影响。结果表明：(1)咀嚼槟榔2分钟内心率增加，4~6分钟效果最好，平均持续16.8分钟。对于新鲜的和偶尔咀嚼的人来说，心脏加速反应比习惯咀嚼的人更显著；(2)咀嚼槟榔增加了皮肤温度，其起效和持续时间类似于心脏加速反应。阿托品可取消这种升温作用，心得安可部分抑制这种升温作用。(3)咀嚼槟榔粉对简单反应时无影响，但缩短了选择反应时。(4)咀嚼槟榔可引起广泛的脑电皮质去同步化。(5)咀嚼一个或两个槟榔使交感皮肤反应减弱，而持续食用两个以上的槟榔会影响RR的Val间变异。(6)咀嚼槟榔时血浆去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素浓度升高。这些研究证实了槟榔使用者声称的几种效果。咀嚼槟榔的效果似乎与习惯和剂量有关。虽然槟榔碱被认为对咀嚼槟榔有几种影响，但目前的数据表明，交感神经激活也起到了作用。
Betel quid chewing has been claimed to produce a sense of well-being, euphoria, warm sensation of the body, sweating, salivation, palpitation, heightened alertness and increased capacity to work. These effects suggest that betel quid chewing affects predominantly the central and autonomic nervous systems. Several studies have been conducted to elucidate the central and autonomic effects of betel quid chewing. The results are: (1) betel quid chewing increased the heart rate with onset within 2 minutes, maximal effect within 4-6 minutes and an average duration of 16.8 minutes. The cardio-acceleratory response was more prominent for fresh and occasional chewers than for habitual chewers; (2) betel quid chewing increased the skin temperature with onset and duration similar to a cardio-acceleratory response. The hyperthermic effect was abolished by atropine and partly inhibited by propranolol. (3) Betel quid chewing had no effect on simple reaction time but shortened the choice reaction time. (4) Betel quid chewing produced widespread cortical desynchronization of EEG. (5) Chewing of one or two betel quids attenuated the sympathetic skin response while continued consumption of more than two betel quids affected the RR inter val variation. (6) Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline were elevated during betel quid chewing. These studies have confirmed several effects claimed by betel quid users. The effects of betel quid chewing appeared to be habit-related and dose-dependent. Although arecoline has been thought to be responsible for several effects of betel quid chewing, the present data suggest a role also played by sympathetic activation.