Misdeed of the need: towards computational accounts of transition to addiction.
Misdeed of the need: towards computational accounts of transition to addiction.
复制标题
需求的不当行为：对向成瘾过渡的计算解释。
DOI：
10.1016/j.conb.2017.08.014
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Gutkin,BorisS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keramati,Mehdi;Ahmed,SergeH;Gutkin,BorisS
强化学习模型将多巴胺与药物导向行为的获得联系起来。最近的计算理论通过增加目标层次和稳态来完善它们。成瘾被重新定义为目标导向的稳态强化障碍。药物成瘾是一种复杂的行为和神经生物学障碍，从涌现脑回路的角度来看，反映了前额叶自上而下对控制药物寻求和药物服用的皮层下回路的控制丧失。我们首先回顾以前的计算帐户成瘾，重点是可卡因成瘾和流行的多巴胺为基础的正强化和负强化计算模型。然后，我们讨论了最近的计算建议，成瘾的进展是不太可能导致一个完全退出的目标导向的决策系统，有利于习惯的。相反，向成瘾的转变可能源于药物引起的有机体需求结构的改变，这种改变重组了目标结构，最终有利于以药物为导向的目标占主导地位。最后，我们概述了未来成瘾计算研究面临的挑战。
HighlightsReinforcement learning models link dopamine to acquisition of drug-oriented behaviors.Recent computational theory completes them by adding goal hierarchy and homeostasis.Addiction is reconceptualized as a goal-directed homeostatic reinforcement disorder.Drug addiction is a complex behavioral and neurobiological disorder which, in an emergent brain-circuit view, reflects a loss of prefrontal top-down control over subcortical circuits governing drug-seeking and drug-taking. We first review previous computational accounts of addiction, focusing on cocaine addiction and on prevalent dopamine-based positive-reinforcement and negative-reinforcement computational models. Then, we discuss a recent computational proposal that the progression to addiction is unlikely to result from a complete withdrawal of the goal-oriented decision system in favor the habitual one. Rather, the transition to addiction would arise from a drug-induced alteration in the structure of organismal needs which reorganizes the goal structure, ultimately favoring predominance of drug-oriented goals. Finally, we outline unmet challenges for future computational research on addiction.