Allocating fuel breaks to optimally protect structures in the wildland-urban interface
Allocating fuel breaks to optimally protect structures in the wildland-urban interface
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DOI：
10.1071/wf09041
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Stewart, Susan I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bar Massada, Avi;Radeloff, Volker C.;Stewart, Susan I.
荒地火灾是荒地-城市界面（WUI）的主要问题，在那里人类建筑与荒地植被混合。由于住房空间格局和荒地燃料之间的相互作用，减少WUI的野火风险比荒地地区更为复杂。燃料处理通常用于WUI社区周围的荒地。用耐火材料保护建筑物的周围环境可能更有效，但有限的资源和不合作的房主往往使这些措施不切实际。我们的问题是如何分配燃料处理在WUI在这些限制。我们开发了一种方法，在单个或多组结构周围分配燃料中断，以最大限度地减少总处理面积。治疗单位根据其住房密度和火灾风险进行排名。我们测试了这种方法在威斯康星州景观包含3768个结构，并发现我们的治疗方法需要相当少的面积比替代品（588对1050公顷，需要保护每个结构独立）。我们的方法可以作为一个基线规划燃料处理在WUI地区，这是不切实际的，以保护每一个房子，或当防火是不可行的。这种方法特别适用于火花点火是家庭点火的次要原因的地区。
Wildland fire is a major concern in the wildland-urban interface (WUI), where human structures intermingle with wildland vegetation. Reducing wildfire risk in the WUI is more complicated than in wildland areas, owing to interactions between spatial patterns of housing and wildland fuels. Fuel treatments are commonly applied in wildlands surrounding WUI communities. Protecting the immediate surroundings of structures and building with fire-resistant materials might be more effective, but limited resources and uncooperative homeowners often make these impractical. Our question was how to allocate fuel treatments in the WUI under these constraints. We developed an approach to allocate fuel breaks around individual or groups of structures to minimise total treatment area. Treatment units were ranked according to their housing density and fire risk. We tested this method in a Wisconsin landscape containing 3768 structures, and found that our treatment approach required considerably less area than alternatives (588 v. 1050 ha required to protect every structure independently). Our method may serve as a baseline for planning fuel treatments in WUI areas where it is impractical to protect every single house, or when fire-proofing is unfeasible. This approach is especially suitable in regions where spotting is a minor cause of home ignitions.