Grafen, the Price equations, fitness maximization, optimisation and the fundamental theorem of natural selection
Grafen, the Price equations, fitness maximization, optimisation and the fundamental theorem of natural selection
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DOI：
10.1007/s10539-013-9412-0
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Ewens, Warren J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ewens, Warren J.
本文是对格拉芬的焦点文章及其早期论文的评论，本文的许多结果都依赖于这些论文。因此，它实际上是对“正式达尔文计划”的评论，这是这一系列论文的焦点。这个序列的几个问题提出和讨论。第一个问题是适应性最大化。这是经常声称在这些文件中，自然选择导致最大化的健身和这一观点是声称在费舍尔的“基本定理的自然选择”。这些主张被驳斥，各种不正确的陈述的意义和解释的基本定理的自然选择，在这个序列和其他论文的其他作者，进行了讨论。接下来，这个序列中的大部分工作都依赖于第一个普赖斯方程。在确定性（无限种群）的情况下，这个方程只不过是与基因频率变化有关的标准经典方程。在随机的情况下，方程给出了基因频率的变化作为两项之和（其中第二项在确定性情况下为零）。这两个术语基本上是同等重要的情况下考虑的焦点文章，但一个格拉芬的结果忽略了第二项的随机分析。这与确定性和随机分析之间的摇摆不定，以及价格适应性概念和经典适应性概念的使用有关。这些评论质疑格拉芬的优化理论。
This paper is a commentary on the focal article by Grafen and on earlier papers of his on which many of the results of this focal paper depend. Thus it is in effect a commentary on the "formal Darwinian project", the focus of this sequence of papers. Several problems with this sequence are raised and discussed. The first of these concerns fitness maximization. It is often claimed in these papers that natural selection leads to a maximization of fitness and that this view is claimed in Fisher's "fundamental theorem of natural selection". These claims are refuted, and various incorrect statements about the meaning and interpretation of the fundamental theorem of natural selection, in this sequence and in other papers by other authors, are discussed. Next, much of the work in this sequence rests on the first Price equation. In the deterministic (infinite population) case this equation is no more than the standard classical equation relating to changes in gene frequencies. In the stochastic case the equation gives the change in gene frequencies as the sum of two terms (the second of which vanishes in the deterministic case). These two terms are of essentially equal importance in the situation considered in the focal article, yet one of Grafen's results ignores the second term in the stochastic analysis. This is associated with a wavering between deterministic and stochastic analyses and the use of the Price fitness concept and the classical fitness concept. These comments cast doubts on Grafen's optimization theory.