Spatial distribution patterns of ascidians (Ascidiacea: Tunicata) on the continental shelves off the northern Antarctic Peninsula

Spatial distribution patterns of ascidians (Ascidiacea: Tunicata) on the continental shelves off the northern Antarctic Peninsula
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南极半岛北部大陆架海鞘类(Ascidiacea:Tunicata)的空间分布格局

DOI:
10.1007/s00300-016-1909-y
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
1.7
通讯作者:
Piepenburg
Piepenburg
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Segelken-Voigt;Bracher;Dorschel;Huneke;Piepenburg

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海鞘(海鞘科:被囊类(Tunicata)是无柄悬浮摄食动物,是南大洋陆架底栖动物的主要表层动物组成部分,在大洋-底栖耦合中发挥着重要作用。在这里,我们报告的第一项研究的结果之间的关系,8个常见的和/或丰富的(假定)海鞘物种的分布模式,和环境驱动程序在沃茨关闭的北方南极半岛。在2013年1月至3月的RVPolarsterncruise XXIX/3(PS 81)期间,我们在三个区域的水深70至770米处沿沿着28个2公里长的摄影断面进行了海底成像调查(威德尔海西北部、布兰斯菲尔德海峡南部和德雷克海峡南部),其一般环境背景不同,主要是海洋学特征和海冰动力学,在三个嵌套的空间尺度上,比较分析所选海鞘丰度的空间模式,可靠地在照片中识别。在区域(100公里)的尺度上,海鞘组合的威德尔海显着不同,从其他两个地区,而在中间10公里的尺度没有这样的差异,检测栖息地类型(银行,上斜坡,斜坡,深/峡谷)的货架上,并在每个区域内的货架断裂。这些空间格局叠加了一个显着的小规模(10米)补丁海鞘分布在2公里长的样带。在我们的研究中考虑的环境变量中,水团特征、海冰动态(近似于摄影站所在区域或周围海冰覆盖的5年平均值)以及海底坚固性的组合被确定为最能解释海鞘的分布模式。
Ascidians (Ascidiacea: Tunicata) are sessile suspension feeders that represent dominant epifaunal components of the Southern Ocean shelf benthos and play a significant role in the pelagic–benthic coupling. Here, we report the results of a first study on the relationship between the distribution patterns of eight common and/or abundant (putative) ascidian species, and environmental drivers in the waters off the northern Antarctic Peninsula. During RVPolarsterncruise XXIX/3 (PS81) in January–March 2013, we used seabed imaging surveys along 28 photographic transects of 2 km length each at water depths from 70 to 770 m in three regions (northwestern Weddell Sea, southern Bransfield Strait and southern Drake Passage), differing in their general environmental setting, primarily oceanographic characteristics and sea-ice dynamics, to comparatively analyze the spatial patterns in the abundance of the selected ascidians, reliably to be identified in the photographs, at three nested spatial scales. At a regional (100-km) scale, the ascidian assemblages of the Weddell Sea differed significantly from those of the other two regions, whereas at an intermediate 10-km scale no such differences were detected among habitat types (bank, upper slope, slope, deep/canyon) on the shelf and at the shelf break within each region. These spatial patterns were superimposed by a marked small-scale (10-m) patchiness of ascidian distribution within the 2-km-long transects. Among the environmental variables considered in our study, a combination of water-mass characteristics, sea-ice dynamics (approximated by 5-year averages in sea-ice cover in the region of or surrounding the photographic stations), as well as the seabed ruggedness, was identified as explaining best the distribution patterns of the ascidians.
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