Effect of forest management on temperate ant communities
Effect of forest management on temperate ant communities
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DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.2303
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Feldhaar, Heike
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greve, Michael E.;Hager, Joerg;Feldhaar, Heike
人类对生态系统的管理可以对物种群落产生直接或间接的影响。管理如何影响物种群落是生态学和自然保护的一个关键问题。作为关键分类单元，蚂蚁群落的变化可能对整个生态系统产生持续的影响。在森林中，管理已被证明对热带蚂蚁群落产生总体负面影响，而对北方森林产生积极影响。然而，在温带森林中，尚不清楚森林管理的哪些组成部分会影响蚂蚁群落以及如何影响。本研究探讨了森林管理对德国三个地区 150 个温带森林中蚂蚁群落的分类和功能多样性的直接和间接影响。利用多模型推理方法和结构方程模型，我们分析了森林经营、森林结构、节肢动物多样性和生物量等18个变量以及非生物因素对基于形态（FDM）和生活史性状（FDLH）的蚂蚁物种丰富度、丰度和功能性状多样性（Rao's Q）的影响。我们总共发现 28 种蚂蚁出现在 120 个地块上。森林管理对蚂蚁丰度和物种丰富度的主要直接影响是由树种选择（以优势树种衡量）造成的。主要的积极间接影响是通过减少树冠覆盖以及增加橡树和松树的比例来介导的，从而导致更高的温度幅度。由于两个区域的物种数量较少，我们仅分析了蚂蚁物种多样性最多的区域的功能多样性。 FDLH 受到树木砍伐的积极影响，而受到结构复杂性的消极影响。 FDM 对森林管理没有反应，可能是由于温带森林蚂蚁的形态多样性较低。我们的结果表明，温带森林的森林管理实践强烈影响蚂蚁群落结构。如果管理通过砍伐树木或将树种组成改为不耐荫的树种来减少树冠覆盖率，这对蚂蚁来说可能是有益的。为了促进蚂蚁多样性作为维持森林生态系统生态系统过程的关键分类单元，我们建议在未来的管理战略中将林分与更开放和更温暖的条件结合起来。
Human management of ecosystems can have direct or indirect effects on species communities. How species communities are affected by management is a key question in ecology and nature conservation. As keystone taxon, changes in ant communities can have sustained consequences for entire ecosystems. In forests, management has been shown to have an overall negative effect on ant communities in tropical and a positive effect in boreal forests. However, in temperate forests, it is unclear what components of forest management affect ant communities and how. This study explores the direct and indirect effects of forest management on the taxonomic and functional diversity of ant communities in 150 temperate forest stands in three regions in Germany. Using a multi-model inference approach and structural equation models, we analyzed the effects of 18 variables, including variables of forest management, forest structure, arthropod diversity, and biomass, as well as abiotic factors, on ant species richness, abundance, and functional trait diversity (Rao's Q) based on morphological (FDM) and life-history traits (FDLH). In total, we found 28 ant species occurring on 120 plots. Main direct effects of forest management on ant abundance and species richness were caused by tree species selection, measured as dominant tree species. The main positive indirect effect was mediated by a reduced canopy cover with an increasing proportion of oak and pine, resulting in a higher temperature amplitude. Due to the low number of species in two regions, we analyzed functional diversity for the most ant species diverse region only. FDLH was affected positively by tree harvesting and negatively by structural complexity. FDM showed no response to forest management, potentially due to the low morphological diversity of temperate forest ants. Our results show that forest management practices in temperate forests strongly impact ant community structure. This can be beneficial for ants if management reduces the canopy cover, either by tree harvesting or by changing the tree species composition toward shade-intolerant tree species. To promote ant diversity as key taxon for maintaining ecosystem processes in forest ecosystems, we suggest to integrate forest stands with more open and warmer conditions in future management strategics.