Substate Federalism and Fracking Policies: Does State Regulatory Authority Trump Local Land Use Autonomy?
Substate Federalism and Fracking Policies: Does State Regulatory Authority Trump Local Land Use Autonomy?
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DOI：
10.1021/es405095y
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发表时间：
2014-08-05
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Davis, Charles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis, Charles
负责监管油气资源生产中使用的水力压裂（fracking）操作的州政府官员将不可避免地面临一个关键的政策问题;即，在不减少通常由地方官员行使的土地使用自主权的情况下，全州范围内的法规可以制定到什么程度？大多数州的监管机构历来认识到行业就业的经济重要性，并赞成采用统一的监管要求，即使这些规则优先于地方决策机构。与此相反，许多地方官员寻求保留土地使用自主权，以便为公共卫生和环境质量目标提供更大程度的保护。本文探讨了科罗拉多、宾夕法尼亚和得克萨斯三个州的政府官员如何通过努力塑造水力压裂政策决策来解决国家控制与地方自治的问题。虽然德克萨斯州的地方官员成功地制定了水力压裂法条例，但州监管机构的干预相对较少，但科罗拉多和宾夕法尼亚州采取了更强硬的政策立场，支持保留先发制人的石油和天然气法规。在水力压裂政策决策中造成州与州之间差异的关键因素包括地方自治规定的强度、州长的参与以及当地工业经济活动经验的程度。
State officials responsible for the regulation of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations used in the production of oil and gas resources will inevitably confront a key policy issue; that is, to what extent can statewide regulations be developed without reducing land use autonomy typically exercised by local officials? Most state regulators have historically recognized the economic importance of industry jobs and favor the adoption of uniform regulatory requirements even if these rules preempt local policymaking authority. Conversely, many local officials seek to preserve land use autonomy to provide a greater measure of protection for public health and environmental quality goals. This paper examines how public officials in three states Colorado, Pennsylvania, and Texas address the question of state control versus local autonomy through their efforts to shape fracking policy decisions. While local officials within Texas have succeeded in developing fracking ordinances with relatively little interference from state regulators, Colorado and Pennsylvania have adopted a tougher policy stance favoring the retention of preemptive oil and gas statutes. Key factors that account for between state differences in fracking policy decisions include the strength of home rule provisions, gubernatorial involvement, and the degree of local experience with industrial economic activities.