Where mobile groups settle: Spatial patterns and correlates of Maasai pastoralist sedentarization in Northern Tanzania
Where mobile groups settle: Spatial patterns and correlates of Maasai pastoralist sedentarization in Northern Tanzania
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.102086
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
David Fox;Timothy D. Baird;M. Stern;S. Prisley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
David Fox;Timothy D. Baird;M. Stern;S. Prisley
在上个世纪，世界各地的移动的牧民已经过渡到更久坐的生活方式。传统上，移动的人既可能受到环境或政治力量的推动而定居，也可能受到新经济活动的拉动。虽然研究人员已经研究了日益定居化的原因和后果，但当代研究很少关注定居的空间模式。本研究探讨解决选址使用地理信息系统和遥感技术，以量化模式和相关的解决位置在北方坦桑尼亚的四个马赛社区。我们确定景观尺度因素，形状解决的位置和测试的竞争性假设，解决与：（1）资源获取;（2）环境约束;（3）基础设施设施。空间模型为每个假设提供了支持，但略有差异。然而，组合模型提供了最大的预测能力，表明随着时间的推移，在网站选择和/或选择标准的过渡显着的异质性。这些研究结果表明，人们对移动的群体定居的一个方面知之甚少，并指出了关于定居的空间驱动因素和后果的新问题。
In the last century, mobile pastoralists around the world have transitioned to more sedentary lifestyles. Traditionally mobile people can be both pushed to settle by environmental or political forces, and pulled by new economic activities. While researchers have examined the causes and consequences of growing sedentarization, few contemporary studies have focused on the spatial patterns of settlement. This study examines settlement site selection using GIS and remote sensing techniques to quantify patterns and correlates of settlement location in four Maasai communities in northern Tanzania. We identify landscape scale factors that shape settlement locations and test the competing hypotheses that settlement is associated with: (1) resource access; (2) environmental constraints; and (3) infrastructural amenities. Spatial models offer support for each hypothesis, with slight variations. However, a combined model offers the greatest predictive power suggesting significant heterogeneity in site selection and/or a transition in selection criteria over time. These findings characterize a poorly understood aspect of the settlement of mobile groups, and point to new questions regarding the spatial drivers and consequences of sedentarization.