Hazard Perception in Driving
Hazard Perception in Driving
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DOI：
10.1177/0963721416663186
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Horswill, Mark S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Horswill, Mark S.
驾驶中的危险感知是指驾驶员预测前方道路上潜在危险情况的能力，并且已经成为50多年的研究主题。它通常使用基于计算机的危险感知测试进行测量，并与回顾性和前瞻性碰撞风险以及关键的碰撞风险因素（如分心，疲劳，饮酒，速度选择和年龄相关的下降）相关。它还可以区分高风险和低风险驾驶员群体。问题是，这也是一项似乎需要数十年驾驶经验才能获得的技能。这就提出了一个问题，即通过评估和培训来加速这一学习过程以改善交通安全是否可能和切实可行。我们有证据表明，与大多数驾驶员教育和评估干预措施相比，危险感知测试和培训似乎有能力降低撞车风险。例如，据估计，在英国驾驶执照颁发过程中纳入危险感知测试，将使驾驶员在测试后一年内的非低速公共道路碰撞率降低11.3%。
Hazard perception in driving refers to a driver's ability to anticipate potentially dangerous situations on the road ahead and has been the subject of research for over 50 years. It is typically measured using computer-based hazard-perception tests and has been associated with both retrospective and prospective crash risk, as well as key crash-risk factors such as distraction, fatigue, alcohol consumption, speed choice, and age-related declines. It can also differentiate high- and lower-risk driver groups. The problem is that it is also a skill that appears to take decades of driving experience to acquire. This raises the question of whether it is possible and practical to accelerate this learning process via assessment and training in order to improve traffic safety. We have evidence that, in contrast to most driver education and assessment interventions, hazard-perception testing and training appear to have the capability to reduce crash risk. For example, the inclusion of a hazard-perception test in the UK driver licensing process has been estimated to reduce drivers' non-low-speed public-road crash rates by 11.3% in the year following their test.