Arginine Metabolism Revisited
Arginine Metabolism Revisited
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DOI：
10.3945/jn.115.226621
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Morris, Sidney M., Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Morris, Sidney M., Jr.
哺乳动物精氨酸代谢是复杂的，这是由于多种酶的表达，利用精氨酸作为底物，并参与精氨酸代谢的特定酶之间的相互作用或竞争。此外，细胞可能含有多个细胞内精氨酸池，这些精氨酸池对所有精氨酸代谢酶来说并不相等，因此对更充分地理解精氨酸代谢提出了额外的挑战。在全身水平，精氨酸代谢最终导致产生生物化学上多种多样的产物，包括一氧化氮、尿素、肌酸、多胺、脯氨酸、谷氨酸、胍丁胺和高精氨酸。包括在这组化合物中的是甲基化的精氨酸（例如，不对称二甲基精氨酸），其在含有甲基化精氨酸残基的蛋白质降解时释放。精氨酸浓度的变化也可以通过多种精氨酸传感器调节细胞代谢和功能。虽然知道很多关于精氨酸代谢，阐明所有的途径和代谢产物的生理或病理生理作用仍然是一个活跃的调查领域，如本综述中强调的当前研究结果所示。
Mammalian arginine metabolism is complex due to the expression of multiple enzymes that utilize arginine as substrate and to interactions or competition between specific enzymes involved in arginine metabolism. Moreover, cells may contain multiple intracellular arginine pools that are not equally accessible to all arginine metabolic enzymes, thus presenting additional challenges to more fully understanding arginine metabolism. At the whole-body level, arginine metabolism ultimately results in the production of a biochemically diverse range of products, including nitric oxide, urea, creatine, polyamines, proline, glutamate, agmatine, and homoarginine. Included in this group of compounds are the methylated arginines (e.g., asymmetric dimethylarginine), which are released upon degradation of proteins containing methylated arginine residues. Changes in arginine concentration also can regulate cellular metabolism and function via a variety of arginine sensors. Although much is known about arginine metabolism, elucidation of the physiologic or pathophysiologic roles for all of the pathways and their metabolites remains an active area of investigation, as exemplified by current findings highlighted in this review.