Epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorders among computer users: lesson learned from the role of posture and keyboard use
Epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorders among computer users: lesson learned from the role of posture and keyboard use
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jelekin.2003.09.014
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发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Monteilh, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerr, F;Marcus, M;Monteilh, C
科学文献和非专业媒体的报告表明，电脑使用者患上肢肌肉骨骼疾病(MSD)的风险增加。早期的研究经常发现，与不使用键盘的人相比，使用键盘的人出现MSD的几率更高。人们的注意力很快集中在键盘工作的特定方面，这可能是观察到的速率上升的原因。在这篇综述中，调查了MSD结果与计算机用户姿势和键盘使用强度(每天或每周使用计算机的小时数)之间关系的流行病学证据。关于姿势和MSD结果的流行病学研究结果并不完全一致。结果不一致的原因包括横断面研究设计(可能无法确保测量的暴露先于健康影响)，所用体位测量的不精确，以及在分析多个相关变量时遇到的困难。尽管有不一致之处，但从文献中看，姿势似乎是计算机用户中MSD的一个适度独立的风险因素。似乎将键盘的高度降低到或低于肘部的高度，并将手臂放在桌子表面或椅子扶手上，与降低颈部和肩部多发性硬化症的风险有关。流行病学研究检查计算机使用的结果(每天或每周几小时打键)比检查姿势的结果更一致，尽管观察到一些不一致的情况。不一致的原因包括横断面研究设计可能导致的选择性生存偏差，暴露分类的差异，以及可能与其他暴露变量的相互作用。总体而言，文献表明，每天或每周使用电脑的时间与手和手臂的MSD比与颈部和肩部的MSD更一致。(C)2003爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Reports in the scientific literature and lay press have suggested that computer users are at increased risk of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Early studies often found elevated rates of MSD outcomes among keyboard users when compared to non-users. Attention soon focused on specific aspects of keyboard work that might be responsible for the observed rate increase. In this review, the epidemiological evidence examining associations between MSD outcomes and computer user posture and keyboard use intensity (hours of computer use per day or per week) are examined.Results of epidemiological studies of posture and MSD outcomes have not been entirely consistent. Reasons for the inconsistency in results include cross-sectional study design (with possible failure to assure that measured exposure preceded health effect), imprecision of posture measures used, and difficulties involved in analyzing multiple related variables. Despite the inconsistencies, it appears from the literature that posture is an independent risk factor of modest magnitude for MSDs among computer users. It appears that lowering the height of the keyboard to or below the height of the elbow and resting the arms on the desk surface or chair armrests is associated with reduced risk of neck and shoulder MSDs.Results of epidemiological studies examining computer use (hours keying per day or per week) are more consistent than those examining posture, although some inconsistency is observed. Reasons for the inconsistency include possible selective survival bias resulting from cross-sectional study design, differences in exposure categorization, and possible interaction with other exposure variables. Overall, the literature shows that daily or weekly hours of computer use is more consistently associated with hand and arm MSDs than with neck and shoulder MSDs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.