Simulation during observation of human actions – Theories, empirical studies, applications

Simulation during observation of human actions – Theories, empirical studies, applications
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观察人类行为时的模拟 â 理论、实证研究、应用

DOI:
10.1016/j.visres.2011.01.007
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Newman-Norlund
Newman-Norlund
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zentgraf;Munzert;Bischoff;Newman-Norlund

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从历史上看,来自脑成像和脑刺激研究的数据支持这样一种观点,即对观察到的动作的处理在感觉和运动皮层中招募了一组不同的大脑部位。这些实证研究结果最初与直接匹配作为行动理解机制的论点有关,即,由镜像神经元实现的运动共振的想法。在最近的方法中,已经提出镜像神经元系统在推断观察到的动作的最可能原因时在最小化预测误差中起作用。根据这些理论,运动共振被认为具有预测编码的功能。其他理论解释认为,行动理解可能来自一种假设检验机制,在这种机制中,潜在的目标不断被输入系统,直到正确的目标被确定。在这篇综述中,我们将探讨这些理论与具体实证结果的关系。最后,我们将讨论这些理论结构对基于动作观察的方法的影响,以优化运动员和患者的熟练表现。
Historically, data from brain imaging and brain stimulation studies have supported the idea that the processing of observed actions recruits – among other areas – a distinct sub-set of brain sites in the sensory and motor cortices. These empirical findings have initially been linked with the thesis of direct matching as a mechanism of action understanding, i.e., the idea of motor resonance implemented by mirror neurons. In more recent approaches, it has been proposed that the mirror neuron system plays a role in minimizing prediction error when inferring the most likely cause of an observed action. According to these theories, motor resonance is thought to function as predictive coding. Other theoretical accounts suggest that action understanding might result from a hypothesis testing mechanism in which potential goals are continually fed into the system until the correct one is identified. In this review, we will explore the relationship of these theories to specific empirical findings. Finally, we will discuss the implications of these theoretical structures on action observation-based approaches to the optimization of skilled performance in athletes and patients.
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