Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
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DOI：
10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00761-8
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发表时间：
2002-07-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Routh, VH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Routh, VH
葡萄糖动态平衡是大脑最关心的问题，因为葡萄糖是大脑的主要燃料。因此，大脑已经进化出感知和响应血糖水平变化的机制。中枢神经系统对低血糖反应的传出方面相对较好地被理解。此外，人们普遍认为大脑调节食物摄入量和能量平衡。肥胖和糖尿病都是由中枢神经系统功能改变引起的。因此，假设大脑也调节每日的葡萄糖稳态和能量平衡是合理的。然而，关于大脑实际如何感知和响应细胞外葡萄糖的变化，人们知之甚少。虽然大脑中的一些神经元会因细胞外葡萄糖的变化而改变其动作电位频率，但对这些神经元的大多数研究都是使用超出细胞外大脑葡萄糖生理范围的葡萄糖水平进行的。因此，这些葡萄糖感受型神经元的生理相关性是不确定的。然而，最近的研究表明，葡萄糖敏感神经元确实对细胞外葡萄糖的生理变化做出反应。这篇综述将首先调查有关大脑中生理性血糖水平的数据。然后将讨论生理上相关的葡萄糖感觉神经元的不同亚型。基于这些亚型葡萄糖敏感神经元对葡萄糖的相对敏感性，推测了它们在调节葡萄糖稳态中可能发挥的作用。最后，这些神经元是否只是葡萄糖感受器，或者它们在能量平衡的调节中是否扮演着更完整的角色，这一问题将被考虑。爱思唯尔科学公司出版。
Glucose homeostasis is of paramount concern to the brain since glucose is its primary fuel. Thus, the brain has evolved mechanisms to sense and respond to changes in glucose levels. The efferent aspects of the central nervous system response to hypoglycemia are relatively well understood. In addition, it is accepted that the brain regulates food intake and energy balance. Obesity and diabetes both result from and cause alterations in the central nervous system function. Thus, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the brain also regulates daily glucose homeostasis and energy balance. However, little is known about how the brain actually senses and responds to changes in extracellular glucose. While there are neurons in the brain that change their action potential frequency in response to changes in extracellular glucose, most studies of these neurons have been performed using glucose levels that are outside the physiologic range of extracellular brain glucose. Thus, the physiologic relevance of these glucose-sensing neurons is uncertain. However, recent studies show that glucose-sensing neurons do respond to physiologic changes in extracellular glucose. This review will first investigate the data regarding physiologic glucose levels in the brain. The various subtypes of physiologically relevant glucose-sensing neurons will then be discussed. Based on the relative glucose sensitivity of these subtypes of glucose-sensing neurons, possible roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis are hypothesized. Finally, the question of whether these neurons are only glucose sensors or whether they play a more integrated role in the regulation of energy balance will be considered. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.