Turbulent entrainment in finite-length wind farms
Turbulent entrainment in finite-length wind farms
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DOI：
10.1017/jfm.2022.1064
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
N. Bempedelis;S. Laizet;G. Deskos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Bempedelis;S. Laizet;G. Deskos
摘要在本文中，我们提出了一个基于预测的模型，用于预测有限长度风电场的流量和功率输出。该模型是Luzzatto-Fegiz &考尔菲尔德（Phys. Rev. Fluids，第3卷，2018年，093802）的三层方法的扩展，适用于无限长度的风电场，并假设关键流量（如风电场总体速度）与距风电场入口的流向距离相关。为了帮助我们的分析和验证所提出的模型，我们进行了一系列的大涡模拟与不同的涡轮机间距安排和布局。还与Meneveau（J. Turbul.，第13卷，2012，N7）和来自文献的数据。有限长度夹带模型被证明是能够捕捉相邻的涡轮机行之间的功率下降，以及描述的平流和湍流输送的动能在入口和充分发展的地区。充分发展的制度是近似只有在风电场深处，大约15排涡轮机后。我们的数据表明，在这项研究中考虑的情况下，经验系数，可用于描述湍流夹带和传输以上的风电场表现出对农场布局的依赖性很小，可以被认为是恒定的建模目的。然而，风力发电场层内的流场可以通过涡轮机密度（间距）以及阵列布局进行强烈调制，并且在这种程度上，可以认为它们都是决定风力发电场功率输出的主要因素。
Abstract In this article, we present an entrainment-based model for predicting the flow and power output of finite-length wind farms. The model is an extension of the three-layer approach of Luzzatto-Fegiz & Caulfield (Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 3, 2018, 093802) for wind farms of infinite length, and assumes dependence of key flow quantities, such as the wind farm bulk velocity, on the streamwise distance from the farm entrance. To assist our analysis and validate the proposed model, we undertake a series of large-eddy simulations with different turbine spacing arrangements and layouts. Comparisons are also made with the top-down model with entrance effects of Meneveau (J. Turbul., vol. 13, 2012, N7) and data from the literature. The finite-length entrainment model is shown to be capable of capturing the power drop between contiguous rows of turbines as well as describing the advection and turbulent transport of kinetic energy in both the entrance and fully developed regions. The fully developed regime is approximated only deep in the wind farm, after approximately 15 rows of turbines. Our data suggest that for the cases considered in this study, the empirical coefficients that can be used to describe turbulent entrainment and transfers above the wind farm exhibit little dependence on the farm layout and may be considered constant for modelling purposes. However, the flow field within the wind farm layer can be strongly modulated by the turbine density (spacing) as well as the array layout, and to that extent it can be argued that they are both primary factors determining the wind farm power output.