Smart implants in orthopedic surgery, improving patient outcomes: a review.
Smart implants in orthopedic surgery, improving patient outcomes: a review.
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DOI：
10.2147/ieh.s133518
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Harper S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ledet EH;Liddle B;Kradinova K;Harper S
智能植入物是可植入的设备，不仅提供治疗益处，还具有诊断能力。将智能植入物整合到日常临床实践中，有可能为医疗保健系统节省大量成本。智能矫形植入物的应用已被确定为膝关节成形术、髋关节成形术、脊柱融合、骨折固定等。到目前为止，智能矫形植入物已经被用来测量身体内部的物理参数，包括压力、力、应变、位移、距离和温度。物理刺激的测量是通过将特定应用技术与植入物相结合来实现的。来自智能植入物的数据导致了植入物设计、外科技术以及术后护理和康复策略的改进。尽管经过了几十年的研究，但除了极少数例外，智能植入物还没有成为日常临床实践的一部分。这在很大程度上是因为集成当前的传感器技术需要对植入物进行重大修改。虽然智能植入物的基础技术在过去几十年里已经显著成熟，但在智能植入物成为主流医疗保健的一部分之前，仍有重大的技术挑战需要克服。用于下一代智能植入物的传感器将是小型、简单、坚固和廉价的，并且几乎不需要对现有的植入物设计进行修改。随着技术的快速进步，智能植入物的广泛实施迫在眉睫。最大限度地减少对现有植入物的修改的新传感器技术是使智能植入物能够进入日常临床实践的关键。
Smart implants are implantable devices that provide not only therapeutic benefits but also have diagnostic capabilities. The integration of smart implants into daily clinical practice has the potential for massive cost savings to the health care system. Applications for smart orthopedic implants have been identified for knee arthroplasty, hip arthroplasty, spine fusion, fracture fixation and others. To date, smart orthopedic implants have been used to measure physical parameters from inside the body, including pressure, force, strain, displacement, proximity and temperature. The measurement of physical stimuli is achieved through integration of application-specific technology with the implant. Data from smart implants have led to refinements in implant design, surgical technique and strategies for postoperative care and rehabilitation. In spite of decades of research, with very few exceptions, smart implants have not yet become a part of daily clinical practice. This is largely because integration of current sensor technology necessitates significant modification to the implants. While the technology underlying smart implants has matured significantly over the last several decades, there are still significant technical challenges that need to be overcome before smart implants become part of mainstream health care. Sensors for next-generation smart implants will be small, simple, robust and inexpensive and will necessitate little to no modification to existing implant designs. With rapidly advancing technology, the widespread implementation of smart implants is near. New sensor technology that minimizes modifications to existing implants is the key to enabling smart implants into daily clinical practice.