Multiple pollinator visits to Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae) flowers increase mate number and seed set within fruits
Multiple pollinator visits to Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae) flowers increase mate number and seed set within fruits
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DOI：
10.3732/ajb.93.9.1306
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Bell, John M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karron, Jeffrey D.;Mitchell, Randall J.;Bell, John M.
传粉者访花的时机和有效性是影响交配方式和繁殖成功的重要因素。对一朵花的多个传粉者探针可以增加后代的数量和遗传多样性，特别是当单个探针积累的花粉不足以达到最大结实率时，或者如果探针之间的间隔很短。当花粉携带有限时，连续的花粉载量在父本表现上也可能显著不同。我们假设，这些条件有助于解释环纹含羞草果实中高水平的多重父子关系。我们记录了所有蜜蜂对单个花朵的访问，量化了结果种子集，并确定了每个果实20个种子的父子关系。大多数(76%)的花接受了多个探针，探针之间的间隔通常为30分钟。多次探查的花朵比一次探查的花朵多产生44%的种子。所有的水果都是杂交后代。接受单个探针者的花朵平均每个果实有3.12个异交父本，这表明单个探针会产生来自多个供体的花粉。在三次或三次以上的调查(4.92个异交父本)之后，多重父子关系甚至更大，这表明连续的探访带来了最初调查中没有代表的捐赠者的花粉。
The timing and effectiveness of pollinator visitation to flowers is an important factor influencing mating patterns and reproductive success. Multiple pollinator probes to a flower may increase both the quantity and genetic diversity of progeny, especially if single probes deposit insufficient pollen for maximal seed set or if the interval between probes is brief. When pollen carryover is limited, sequential pollen loads may also differ markedly in sire representation. We hypothesized that these conditions help explain high levels of multiple paternity in Mimulus ringens fruits. We documented all bee visits to individual flowers, quantified resulting seed set, and determined paternity for 20 seeds per fruit. Most (76%) flowers received multiple probes, and the interval between probes was usually < 30 min. Flowers probed multiple times produced 44% more seeds than flowers probed once. All fruits were multiply sired. Flowers receiving a single probe averaged 3.12 outcross sires per fruit, indicating that single probes deposit pollen from several donors. Multiple paternity was even greater after three or more probes (4.92 outcross sires), demonstrating that sequential visits bring pollen from donors not represented in the initial probe.