Beyond denitrification: The role of microbial diversity in controlling nitrous oxide reduction and soil nitrous oxide emissions
Beyond denitrification: The role of microbial diversity in controlling nitrous oxide reduction and soil nitrous oxide emissions
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15545
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发表时间：
2021-03-14
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Yang, Wendy H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shan, Jun;Sanford, Robert A.;Yang, Wendy H.
许多生物和非生物过程都有助于生物圈中氧化亚氮（N2O）的产生，但迄今为止，环境中N2O的消耗主要归因于典型的反硝化微生物。nosZ基因编码N2O还原酶，nosZ负责将N2O还原为二氮，现在已知包括两个不同的群体：被充分研究的反硝化菌通常拥有的进化枝I，以及不同微生物群体拥有的新型进化枝II，其中大多数是非反硝化菌。进化枝二世一氧化二氮还原剂可以扮演一个重要的,之前未参与控制一氧化二氮排放的原因有几个,其中包括:(1)的消费产生的一氧化二氮反硝化以外的过程,(2)假设non-respiratory NosZ功能作为一个电子水槽或一氧化二氮解毒,(3)可能不同的进化枝酶动力学二世NosZ进化枝我NosZ相比,和(4)NosZ基因丰度更多的进化枝II相比进化枝我在许多生态系统的土壤。尽管Clade II NosZ具有潜在的生态意义，但对2013年至2019年发表的800篇讨论NosZ的同行评议原创研究文章的调查显示，评估或提及Clade II NosZ的文章比例从2013年的5%上升到2019年的22%。普查结果显示，对II型nosZ的认识传播缓慢，部分原因可能是学科孤岛，在农业和农学期刊中提到II型nosZ的nosZ文章比例从0%到多学科科学期刊的32%不等。此外，在文献中使用了17个不同的术语，对Clade I nosZ和Clade II nosZ的命名不一致，可能造成了对两组不同的N2O还原剂的混淆。我们提出了一些建议，以加速理解N2O还原剂多样性在调节土壤N2O排放中的作用。
Many biotic and abiotic processes contribute to nitrous oxide (N2O) production in the biosphere, but N2O consumption in the environment has heretofore been attributed primarily to canonical denitrifying microorganisms. The nosZ genes encoding the N2O reductase enzyme, NosZ, responsible for N2O reduction to dinitrogen are now known to include two distinct groups: the well-studied Clade I which denitrifiers typically possess, and the novel Clade II possessed by diverse groups of microorganisms, most of which are non-denitrifiers. Clade II N2O reducers could play an important, previously unrecognized role in controlling N2O emissions for several reasons, including: (1) the consumption of N2O produced by processes other than denitrification, (2) hypothesized non-respiratory functions of NosZ as an electron sink or for N2O detoxification, (3) possible differing enzyme kinetics of Clade II NosZ compared to Clade I NosZ, and (4) greater nosZ gene abundance for Clade II compared to Clade I in soils of many ecosystems. Despite the potential ecological significance of Clade II NosZ, a census of 800 peer-reviewed original research articles discussing nosZ and published from 2013 to 2019 showed that the percentage of articles evaluating or mentioning Clade II nosZ increased from 5% in 2013 to only 22% in 2019. The census revealed that the slowly spreading awareness of Clade II nosZ may result in part from disciplinary silos, with the percentage of nosZ articles mentioning Clade II nosZ ranging from 0% in Agriculture and Agronomy journals to 32% in Multidisciplinary Sciences journals. In addition, inconsistent nomenclature for Clade I nosZ and Clade II nosZ, with 17 different terminologies used in the literature, may have created confusion about the two distinct groups of N2O reducers. We provide recommendations to accelerate advances in understanding the role of the diversity of N2O reducers in regulating soil N2O emissions.