Persistence of dicarboximide-resistant Botrytis cinerea in Ontario vineyards
Persistence of dicarboximide-resistant Botrytis cinerea in Ontario vineyards
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安大略葡萄园中抗二甲酰亚胺灰霉病菌的持续存在
DOI：
10.1080/07060668809501744
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Northover
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Northover
对4个葡萄商业葡萄园(A、B、C、D)的灰霉病菌种群的异丙二酮抗性发病率进行了季节变化监测。Chardonnay，1983年首次从Chardonnay分离到对异丙二酮具有抗药性的B.cinerea分离物(Northover&Matteoni 1986)。葡萄园位于加拿大安大略省尼亚加拉半岛(北纬43度，西经79度)。这些葡萄藤被种植在排水良好的砂壤土中，每排间隔1.8米，使用雨伞Kniffen系统或四根甘蔗Kniffen系统对电线进行训练(Winkler 1962)。1985年和1986年，异丙二酮(Rovral 50WP，May和Baker Canada Ltd.)在豌豆大小的浆果物候期(Eichhorn&Lorenz 1977)和封簇期(CC)之间，以0.75 kg ai/ha在A和B葡萄园施用。在C和D两个葡萄园，在开花(F)和浆果大小(SSB)之间，以及在PSB和中熟(MR)之间，分别用扑菌酮处理一次。处理日期作为表1的脚注。所有使用扑菌灵的喷雾器都是在约500亿L水/公顷的条件下使用商用气载葡萄园喷雾器。在每个葡萄园中，沿相邻两行的长度每隔50m指定三个重复地点，并在七个采样日期的每个地点从这些地点采集所有样品。在1984年、1985年和1986年9月17日至30日的秋季，通过在每个采样点检查藤条上100个成熟丛生的灰霉病病斑，估计了丛腐病的发病率。同时，从每个采样点收集了40个具有孢子化病斑的集群(每个葡萄园120个集群)。每个组被装在单独的聚乙烯袋中运输到实验室，以避免交叉污染。在1985年和1986年4月8日至11日的春季，40根冬季死亡的卷须挂在树枝上
The seasonal variation in the incidence of iprodione resistance in B. cinerea populations was monitored in four commercial vineyards (A, B, C, and D) of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay, from which iprodione-resistant isolates of B. cinerea were first isolated in 1983 (Northover & Matteoni 1986). The vineyards were located on the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, Canada (43 N, 79 W). The vines were planted in well-drained sandy loam, 1.8 m apart in rows spaced 2.8 m apart, and trained on wires using either the Umbrella Kniffen system or the four-cane Kniffen system (Winkler 1962). In 1985 and 1986, iprodione (Rovral 50WP, May and Baker Canada Ltd.) was applied at 0.75 kg ai/ha to vineyards A and B between the phenological stages (Eichhorn & Lorenz 1977) of pea-sized berries (PSB) and cluster closure (CC). Vineyards C and D were treated once with iprodione between flowering (F) and shot-sized berries (SSB), and again between PSB and mid-ripening (MR). The treatment dates are given as a footnote to Table 1. All applications of iprodione were made in about 500 L water/ha using commercial air-carrier vineyard sprayers.In each vineyard three replicate sites were designated 50 m apart along the length of two adjacent rows, and all samples were collected from these sites on each of seven sampling dates. In the fall, during 17-30 September, 1984, 1985, and 1986, the incidence of bunch rot was estimated by examining 100 mature clusters on the vine at each sampling site for the presence of lesions with sporulating B. cinerea. At the same time, 40 clusters with sporulating lesions were collected from each sampling site (120 clusters per vineyard). Each cluster was transported to the laboratory in a separate polyethylene bag to avoid cross contami nation. In the spring, during 8-11 April, 1985 and 1986, 40 winter-killed tendrils on canes of the