The first pterosaur basihyal, shedding light on the evolution and function of pterosaur hyoid apparatuses
The first pterosaur basihyal, shedding light on the evolution and function of pterosaur hyoid apparatuses
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第一个翼龙 basihyal，揭示翼龙舌骨器官的进化和功能
DOI：
10.7717/peerj.8292
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发表时间：
2020-01-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Wang, Xiaolin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang, Shunxing;Li, Zhiheng;Wang, Xiaolin
翼龙是已知的第一个实现动力飞行的脊椎动物分支。它的舌骨器官显示出与鸟类相似的简化，尽管该器官的样本很少，限制了准确确定的能力。在这项研究中，我们揭示了一个新的翼龙标本，包括第一个明确的基舌骨。通过对翼龙舌骨的比较，发现舌骨相对于头骨长度有缩短的趋势，表明在翼龙的进化过程中，舌回缩的作用减弱。新的材料，可能来自一个gallodactylid Gladoceanideus，代表了所有翼龙中最有效的舌头缩回之一。基于下颌骨上一个细长的角鳃和关节后突的结构，Y形的istiodactylid舌骨的功能类似于食腐乌鸦而不是变色龙，这与对该分类群食腐行为的解释相一致，需要更多的化石样本来进一步研究其他翼龙舌骨的功能。
The pterosaur is the first known vertebrate clade to achieve powered flight. Its hyoid apparatus shows a simplification similar to that of birds, although samples of the apparatus are rare, limiting the ability to make an accurate determination. In this study we reveal a new pterosaur specimen, including the first definite basihyal. Through the comparison of pterosaur hyoids, a trend has been discovered for the shortened hyoid relative to the length of the skull, indicating a diminished role of lingual retraction during the evolution of the pterosaur. The new material, possibly from a gallodactylid Gladocephaloideus, represents one of the least effective lingual retractions in all pterosaurs. Based on the structure of an elongated ceratobranchial and retroarticular process on mandibles, the function of the Y-shaped istiodactylid tongue bone is similar to those of scavenger crows rather than chameleons, which is consistent with the interpretation of the scavenging behavior of this taxon. More fossil samples are needed for further study on the function of other pterosaur hyoids.