Impaired empathy but no theory of mind deficits in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Impaired empathy but no theory of mind deficits in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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DOI：
10.1002/brb3.1401
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发表时间：
2019-09-02
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Kis, Bernhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abdel-Hamid, Mona;Niklewski, Franziska;Kis, Bernhard
目的：改变观点的认知能力被称为心理理论（ToM）。心理理论缺陷可在多种精神和神经系统疾病中检测到。由于执行能力与心理理论技能密切相关，我们怀疑由于共同的神经心理学基础，未接受过治疗的注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）成人存在心理理论缺陷。ADHD初治成人（N = 30）在执行功能评估任务中的表现（连线测验、Stroop色词测验和注意力表现成套测验）、同理心技能（剑桥行为量表）和心理理论方法：采用《社会认知评价电影》（Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition），并与根据基本人口统计学变量匹配的健康对照组（N = 30）进行比较。与健康对照组相比，未接受过治疗的ADHD成人在各种执行功能和同情能力方面表现出缺陷（所有p <0.05）。然而，没有发现关于ToM的性能差异（所有n.s.）。结论：由于对ADHD青少年的研究经常显示ToM表现受损，因此可以想象，由于青春期神经元的发育，ToM缺陷可能会减弱。此外，我们的研究结果意味着，心理理论障碍，即使在成人多动症，似乎是独立的执行缺陷，并可能被解释为共病障碍。
Objective: The cognitive capacity to change perspective is referred to as theory of mind (ToM). ToM deficits are detectable in a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Since executive abilities are closely associated with ToM skills, we suspected that due to a common neuropsychological basis, ToM deficits exist in treatment-naive adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: Performance of treatment-naive adults with ADHD (N = 30) in tasks assessing executive functions (Trail Making Test, Stroop color-word test, and Test Battery for Attentional Performance), empathy skills (Cambridge Behaviour Scale), and ToM (Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition) was compared with that of a healthy control group (N = 30) matched according to basic demographic variables.Results: Compared to healthy controls, treatment-naive adults with ADHD showed deficits in various executive functions and the ability to empathize (all p < .05). However, no performance differences were found with regard to ToM (all n.s.).Conclusions: Since studies in juveniles with ADHD often show impaired ToM performance, it is conceivable that ToM deficits may become attenuated due to neuronal development in adolescence. Furthermore, our findings imply that ToM impairments, even when present in adult ADHD, appear to be independent of executive deficits and might be explained by comorbid disorders.