Cognitive Development among Young Children in Low-Income Countries
Cognitive Development among Young Children in Low-Income Countries
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低收入国家幼儿的认知发展
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Filmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sophie Naudeau;Sebastian Martinez;Patrick Premand;D. Filmer
儿童早期发展包括儿童的认知发展以及他们的身体成长、福祉和社会情感发展。在赞同本书导言中强调的儿童早期发展的广泛观点的同时，本章侧重于认知领域，反映了低收入国家在衡量认知发展方面的最新进展。本章的目的是回顾有证据表明，儿童早期的认知延迟可以在最贫穷的儿童中迅速积累，儿童早期的认知发展指标与社会经济状况密切相关。本章的第一部分总结了关于儿童早期认知发展的现有证据。很大一部分证据来自发达国家，较新的证据来自拉丁美洲的中低收入国家(特别是厄瓜多尔和尼加拉瓜)以及马达加斯加。本章的第二部分提出了柬埔寨和莫桑比克这两个低收入国家认知发展模式的新证据。该章记录了柬埔寨和莫桑比克的幼儿面临着巨大的认知延迟，这种延迟随着年龄的增长而增加。研究表明，低收入国家幼儿的认知发展与社会经济地位、财富和照顾者教育以及认知发展有关
Early childhood development encompasses children’s cognitive development as well as their physical growth and well-being and socioemotional development. While endorsing the broad view of early childhood development highlighted in the introduction to this book, this chapter focuses on the cognitive domain, refl ecting recent advances in the measurement of cognitive development in low-income countries. The objective of this chapter is to review the evidence that cognitive delays in early childhood can quickly accumulate among the poorest children and that indicators of cognitive development in early childhood strongly correlate with socioeconomic status. The fi rst part of the chapter takes stock of existing evidence on cognitive development in early childhood. A large share of evidence originates from developed countries, with more recent evidence coming from lower-middleincome countries in Latin America (in particular Ecuador and Nicaragua) as well as Madagascar. The second part of the chapter presents new evidence on patterns in cognitive development in Cambodia and Mozambique, two low-income countries. The chapter documents that young children in Cambodia and Mozambique are exposed to large cognitive delays that increase with age. It shows that cognitive development is associated with socioeconomic status as proxied by wealth and caregiver education, and Cognitive Development among Young Children in Low-Income Countries