How Connecting the Legs with a Spring Improves Human Running Economy.
How Connecting the Legs with a Spring Improves Human Running Economy.
复制标题
用弹簧连接腿如何改善人类跑步经济性。
DOI：
10.1101/2023.04.03.535498
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Delp,ScottL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stingel,JonP;Hicks,JenniferL;Uhlrich,ScottD;Delp,ScottL
用绑在鞋带上的弹簧连接双腿可以减少跑步的能量消耗，但弹簧如何减少个体肌肉的能量负担仍是未知数。我们对七个人在有弹簧和没有弹簧的情况下跑步进行了肌肉驱动的模拟，以辨别站立阶段或挥杆阶段是否发生了节省，并确定哪些肌肉有助于节省能量。我们计算了在有弹簧和没有弹簧的情况下跑步时肌肉能量消耗、肌肉激活以及肌肉纤维速度和力量变化的差异。在参与者中，用弹簧跑步使测量的能量消耗率降低了0.9 W/kg（8.3%）。模拟预测平均能量消耗率降低1.4 W/kg（12.0%），并正确识别出弹簧降低了所有参与者的能量消耗率。模拟显示，大部分的节省发生在站立（1.5 W/kg），虽然能量消耗率也减少在摆动（0.3 W/kg）。能量节省分布在股四头肌、髋屈肌、髋外展肌、腘绳肌、髋内收肌和髋伸肌群，而在跖屈肌或背屈肌中观察到能量消耗率没有变化。通过降低肌肉的机械功率和估计的产热率，促进了能量的节省。这些模拟提供了对使用辅助设备时发生的肌肉水平变化的深入了解，以及连接腿部的弹簧改善跑步经济性的机制。
Connecting the legs with a spring attached to the shoelaces reduces the energy cost of running, but how the spring reduces the energy burden of individual muscles remains unknown. We generated muscle-driven simulations of seven individuals running with and without the spring to discern whether savings occurred during the stance phase or the swing phase, and to identify which muscles contributed to energy savings. We computed differences in muscle-level energy consumption, muscle activations, and changes in muscle-fiber velocity and force between running with and without the spring. Across participants, running with the spring reduced the measured rate of energy expenditure by 0.9 W/kg (8.3%). Simulations predicted a 1.4 W/kg (12.0%) reduction in the average rate of energy expenditure and correctly identified that the spring reduced rates of energy expenditure for all participants. Simulations showed most of the savings occurred during stance (1.5 W/kg), though the rate of energy expenditure was also reduced during swing (0.3 W/kg). The energetic savings were distributed across the quadriceps, hip flexor, hip abductor, hamstring, hip adductor, and hip extensor muscle groups, whereas no changes in the rate of energy expenditure were observed in the plantarflexor or dorsiflexor muscles. Energetic savings were facilitated by reductions in the rate of mechanical work performed by muscles and their estimated rate of heat production. The simulations provide insight into muscle-level changes that occur when utilizing an assistive device and the mechanisms by which a spring connecting the legs improves running economy.