PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF HEPATITIS-A VIRUS
PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF HEPATITIS-A VIRUS
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DOI：
10.1016/0264-410x(92)90536-s
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
MELNICK, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MELNICK, JL
甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV) 是小核糖核酸病毒家族的成员。它首先被暂时归类为肠道病毒 72 型，但随后对其核苷酸和氨基酸序列的测定表明它们足够不同，可以将该病毒归入一个新属。 肝病毒（Hep-A-RNA-virus）已被建议作为属名。 HA V 具有小核糖核酸病毒家族的关键特性：直径 28 nm 的二十面体颗粒，具有立方对称性，由 30% RNA 和 70% 蛋白质组成。基因组是单链 7.48 kb RNA，线性且正义。与其他小核糖核酸病毒一样，HAV 拥有从大的前体多蛋白裂解而来的四种主要多肽。表面蛋白 VP1 和 VP3 是主要的抗体结合位点。内部蛋白VP4比其他小核糖核酸病毒的VP4小得多。与其他小核糖核酸病毒一样，HAV 没有包膜，在细胞质中复制。 HAV 对乙醚和酸处理稳定，并且比其他小核糖核酸病毒更耐热。可承受 60 摄氏度 1 小时。 MgCl2 可以稳定病毒，使其能够承受高达 80 摄氏度的温度。甲型肝炎病毒对消毒的相对抵抗力表明在处理肝炎患者及其产品时需要采取额外的预防措施。仅已知一种血清型。与其他肝炎病毒不存在抗原交叉反应。 HAV 最初是通过采用免疫电子显微镜作为检测系统在粪便和肝脏制剂中鉴定出来的。黑猩猩和狨猴易感染 HAV。 HAV 已在成年狨猴肝脏的原代外植体培养物和灵长类动物来源的细胞系中连续培养。感染通常是非细胞病变的，可通过病毒或其抗原的免疫测定或病毒RNA的杂交测定来鉴定。
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a member of the picornavirus family. It was first provisionally classified as enterovirus 72, but subsequent determinations of its nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed them to be sufficiently distinct to assign the virus to a new genus. Heparna-virus (Hep-A-RNA-virus) has been suggested as the genus name. HA V shares the key properties of the picornavirus family: an icosahedral particle 28 nm in diameter with cubic symmetry, composed of 30% RNA and 70% protein. The genome is single-stranded 7.48 kb RNA, linear and positive-sense. Like other picornaviruses, HAV possesses four major polypeptides cleaved from a large precursor polyprotein. The surface proteins VP1 and VP3 are major antibody-binding sites. The internal protein VP4 is much smaller than the VP4s of other picornaviruses. As other picornaviruses, HAV has no envelope and replicates in the cytoplasm. HAV is stable to treatment with ether and acid, and is much more heat-resistant than other picornaviruses. It withstands 60-degrees-C for 1 h. MgCl2 stabilizes the virus to withstand temperatures up to 80-degrees-C. The relative resistance of HAV to disinfection indicates a need for extra precautions in dealing with hepatitis patients and their products. Only one serotype is known. There is no antigenic cross-reactivity with other hepatitis viruses. HAV initially was identified in stool and liver preparations by employing immune electron microscopy as the detection system. Chimpanzees and marmoset monkeys are susceptible to HAV. HAV has been cultivated serially in primary explant cultures of adult marmoset livers and in cell lines of primate origin. The infection is usually non-cytopathic and is identified by immunologic assay for virus or its antigen, or by a hybridization assay for viral RNA.