Indigenous Migration and Social Change : The Forasteros of Cuzco, 1570-1720
Indigenous Migration and Social Change : The Forasteros of Cuzco, 1570-1720
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原住民移民和社会变革：库斯科的福拉斯特人，1570-1720 年
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发表时间：
1990
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通讯作者：
A. Wightman
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Wightman
许多西班牙美洲殖民地的观察家--无论是神职人员、政府官员还是外国人--都注意到了大量的forasteros或印第安人，他们似乎并不依附于任何地方。这些移民，或称“流浪者”，冒犯了西班牙政府的官僚敏感性，因为他们也挫败了他们的税收和收入努力。Ann M.怀特曼对秘鲁库斯科地区早期“非文献”的研究，对安第斯社会及其对西班牙文化和政治霸权的适应和反抗具有重要意义。这本书从而告知我们对殖民时期社会变革的理解。
怀特曼指出，将forasteros人视为边缘化的农村穷人充其量是肤浅的，通过艰苦细致的档案研究，她清楚地描绘了传统社会的转变，因为土著居民应对了征服的破坏，并在这样做的过程中，揭示了殖民权力的相互适应。她选择库斯科是特别合适的，因为这是一个“心脏地带”地区的印加帝国和西班牙帝国都至关重要。怀特曼所解决的问题是当前安第斯民族史，这类研究的最重要的领域之一，非常关注，并肯定会产生重要的影响。
Many observers in colonial Spanish America—whether clerical, governmental, or foreign—noted the large numbers of forasteros, or Indians who were not seemingly attached to any locality. These migrants, or “wanderers,” offended the bureaucratic sensibilities of the Spanish administration, as they also frustrated their tax and revenue efforts. Ann M. Wightman’s research on these early “undocumentals” in the Cuzco region of Peru reveals much of importance on Andean society and its adaptation and resistance to Spanish cultural and political hegemony. The book thereby informs our understanding of social change in the colonial period.
Wightman shows that the dismissal of the forasteros as marginalized rural poor is superficial at best, and through laborious and painstaking archival research she presents a clear picture of the transformation of traditional society as the native populations coped with the disruptions of the conquest—and in doing so, reveals the reciprocal adaptations of the colonial power. Her choice of Cuzco is particularly appropriate, as this was a “heartland” region crucial to both the Incan and Spanish empires. The questions addressed by Wightman are of great concern to current Andean ethnohistory, one of the liveliest areas of such research, and are sure to have an important impact.