Nicotine in tobacco product aerosols: 'It's déjà vu all over again'.
Nicotine in tobacco product aerosols: 'It's déjà vu all over again'.
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055275
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发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Peyton DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duell AK;Pankow JF;Peyton DH
雾化尼古丁中尼古丁游离碱（fb）和质子化形式的分布影响可吸入性。它已在烟草烟雾中被操纵，现在在电子烟中通过使用酸来使尼古丁脱碱并形成“尼古丁盐”。对电子烟液体（电子烟液）进行测量以确定（1）游离碱形式（α fb）尼古丁的分数以及（2）有机酸和尼古丁的水平。样品包括 JUUL“烟弹”、“仿冒品”烟弹以及一些瓶装“尼古丁盐”和“无盐”电子烟液。 对于含有苯甲酸的 10 JUUL 产品，在 40°C (≈ 37°C) 下，α fb= 0.12 ±0.01；尼古丁质子化广泛但不完全。第一代电子烟液的 α fb ≈ 1。在类似卷烟的总尼古丁浓度 (Nictot) 值约为 60 mg/mL 时，α fb ≈ 1 的电子烟液气溶胶液滴吸入时会产生刺激。电子液体的设计演变与吸烟烟草的设计演变相似，为 α fb 提供了“似曾相识”的轨迹。对于 17 世纪的“风干”烟草，烟雾颗粒中的 α fb 可能≥ 0.5。烟雾颗粒中的产物α fbNicotot 较高。 “烤烟”保留了较高水平的叶糖，这是烟草烟雾中有机酸的前体，导致 α fb ≈ 0.02 并降低了刺鼻感。一些烟草卷烟配方/设计已经过调整，以恢复一些尼古丁感官“刺激/冲击”，α fb≈ 0.1，就像万宝路一样。总体而言，对于烟草烟雾，去游离基轨迹为 α fb ≥ 0.5 → ~0 →~0.1，而电子烟的去游离基轨迹为 α fb= ~1 →~0.1。对于 JUUL 来说，其结果或许是一种优化的、调味的尼古丁输送系统。电子烟的设计演变使其作为替代品更有效地帮助吸烟者远离可燃物。然而，这种演变可能使电子烟产品对从不吸烟的人来说更加容易上瘾。
The distribution of nicotine among its free-base (fb) and protonated forms in aerosolised nicotine affects inhalability. It has been manipulated in tobacco smoke and now in electronic cigarettes by the use of acids to de-freebase nicotine and form ‘nicotine salts’. Measurements on electronic cigarette fluids (e-liquids) were carried out to determine (1) the fraction of nicotine in the free-base form (α fb) and (2) the levels of organic acid(s) and nicotine. Samples included JUUL ‘pods’, ‘look-a-like/knock-off’ pods and some bottled ‘nicotine salt’ and ‘non-salt’ e-liquids. α fb= 0.12 ±0.01 at 40°C (≈ 37°C) for 10 JUUL products, which contain benzoic acid; nicotine protonation is extensive but incomplete. First-generation e-liquids have α fb ≈ 1. At cigarette-like total nicotine concentration (Nictot) values of ~60 mg/mL, e-liquid aerosol droplets with α fb≈ 1 are harsh upon inhalation. The design evolution for e-liquids has paralleled that for smoked tobacco, giving a ‘déjà vu’ trajectory for α fb. For 17th-century ‘air-cured’ tobacco, α fb in the smoke particles was likely ≥ 0.5. The product α fbNictot in the smoke particles was high. ‘Flue-curing’ retains higher levels of leaf sugars, which are precursors for organic acids in tobacco smoke, resulting in α fb ≈ 0.02 and lowered harshness. Some tobacco cigarette formulations/designs have been adjusted to restore some nicotine sensory ‘kick/impact’ with α fb≈ 0.1, as for Marlboro. Overall, for tobacco smoke, the de-freebasing trajectory was α fb ≥ 0.5 → ~0 →~0.1, as compared with α fb= ~1 →~0.1 for e-cigarettes. For JUUL, the result has been, perhaps, an optimised, flavoured nicotine delivery system. The design evolution for e-cigarettes has made them more effective as substitutes to get smokers off combustibles. However, this evolution has likely made e-cigarette products vastly more addictive for never-smokers.
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影响因子：
33.9
作者：
Gentzke, Andrea S.;Creamer, MeLisa;King, Brian A.
通讯作者：
King, Brian A.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
ARMITAGE, AK;TURNER, DM
通讯作者：
TURNER, DM
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Ramamurthi, Divya;Chau, Cindy;Jackler, Robert K.
通讯作者：
Jackler, Robert K.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1476-5381.1962.tb01173.x
发表时间：
1962-01-01
期刊：
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY
影响因子：
--
作者：
BARLOW, RB;HAMILTON, JT
通讯作者：
HAMILTON, JT
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Duell, Anna K.;Pankow, James F.;Peyton, David H.
通讯作者：
Peyton, David H.