Seeing the mean: ensemble coding for sets of faces.
Seeing the mean: ensemble coding for sets of faces.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0013899
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发表时间：
2009-06
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Whitney, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haberman, Jason;Whitney, David
在我们的视觉环境中，我们经常会遇到一群相似的物体：一床鲜花，一篮子橙子，一群人。视觉系统是如何处理这种冗余的？研究表明，视觉系统倾向于对所有元素的统计汇总表示，而不是对组成纹理的每个元素进行编码。虽然这种“整体编码”可能会促进低层次的纹理感知，但我们证明了整体编码也发生在面部，这是一种远远超过纹理的处理水平。观察者观察了(4到16)组不同情绪的面孔(例如高兴到悲伤)，并对每组面孔的平均情绪做出了判断。尽管观察者保留了很少的关于个体集合成员的情绪性的信息，但他们非常准确地表达了平均情绪。即使在观看16张脸的时间不超过500毫秒的情况下，观察者仍然能够准确地辨别平均情绪。模型显示，观察者在一组面孔中感知整体面部表情的能力并不是由于嘈杂的表现或嘈杂的歧视。这些发现支持了这样的假设，即集合编码在多个视觉分析水平上发生得非常快。
We frequently encounter groups of similar objects in our visual environment: a bed of flowers, a basket of oranges, a crowd of people. How does the visual system process such redundancy? Research shows that, rather than coding every element comprising a texture, the visual system favors a statistical summary representation of all the elements. Although this ‘ensemble coding’ may facilitate low-level texture perception, we demonstrate that ensemble coding also occurs for faces, a level of processing well beyond that of textures. Observers viewed sets of (4 to 16) faces varying in emotionality (e.g. happy to sad) and made judgments about the mean emotion of each set. Although observers retained little information about the emotionality of the individual set members, they had a remarkably precise representation of the mean emotion. Observers continued to accurately discriminate the mean emotion even when they viewed sets of 16 faces for 500 ms or less. Modeling revealed that observers’ abilities to perceive ensemble facial expression in groups of faces is not due to noisy representation or noisy discrimination. These findings support the hypothesis that ensemble coding occurs extremely fast at multiple levels of visual analysis.
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