The Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces eubayanus and the Domestication of Lager-Brewing Yeasts.
The Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces eubayanus and the Domestication of Lager-Brewing Yeasts.
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msv168
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发表时间：
2015-11
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Hittinger CT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker E;Wang B;Bellora N;Peris D;Hulfachor AB;Koshalek JA;Adams M;Libkind D;Hittinger CT
生物在驯化过程中发生的戏剧性的表型变化在其基因组上留下了不可磨灭的印记。虽然许多驯化的植物和动物已被系统地与野生遗传资源进行了比较，但真菌驯化的分子和基因组过程却很少受到关注。在这里，我们提出了一个几乎完整的基因组组装最近描述的酵母菌种酵母eubayanus，并比较它的基因组的多个驯化的异源杂种的S。大叶桉酿酒酵母（S. pastorianus syn. S. carlsbergensis），用于酿造拉格风格的啤酒。我们发现S.自杂交以来，酿酒酵母的eubayanus亚基因组经历了更快的进化速度，某些参与代谢的基因可能受到了特别的影响。有趣的是，S。eubayanus亚基因组经历了一个特别强烈的转变，在选择制度，与更广泛的驯化的S。酿酒酵母亲本杂交之前。与最近的建议，啤酒酿造酵母驯化后，一个单一的杂交事件，两个主要的啤酒酵母谱系的亚基因组之间的根本不同的中性位点分歧强烈支持至少有两个独立的起源的S。酿酒酵母× S.酿造淡啤酒的优巴扬混血种我们的研究结果证明了这种工业上重要的杂交种是如何在多个场合沿着沿着类似的进化轨迹被驯化的。
The dramatic phenotypic changes that occur in organisms during domestication leave indelible imprints on their genomes. Although many domesticated plants and animals have been systematically compared with their wild genetic stocks, the molecular and genomic processes underlying fungal domestication have received less attention. Here, we present a nearly complete genome assembly for the recently described yeast species Saccharomyces eubayanus and compare it to the genomes of multiple domesticated alloploid hybrids of S. eubayanus × S. cerevisiae (S. pastorianus syn. S. carlsbergensis), which are used to brew lager-style beers. We find that the S. eubayanus subgenomes of lager-brewing yeasts have experienced increased rates of evolution since hybridization, and that certain genes involved in metabolism may have been particularly affected. Interestingly, the S. eubayanus subgenome underwent an especially strong shift in selection regimes, consistent with more extensive domestication of the S. cerevisiae parent prior to hybridization. In contrast to recent proposals that lager-brewing yeasts were domesticated following a single hybridization event, the radically different neutral site divergences between the subgenomes of the two major lager yeast lineages strongly favor at least two independent origins for the S. cerevisiae × S. eubayanus hybrids that brew lager beers. Our findings demonstrate how this industrially important hybrid has been domesticated along similar evolutionary trajectories on multiple occasions.