17 Copper Transportation in Tokugawa Japan: Its Influence on Copper Shortage in Nagasaki
17 Copper Transportation in Tokugawa Japan: Its Influence on Copper Shortage in Nagasaki
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17 日本德川铜业运输：对长崎铜荒的影响
DOI：
10.1163/9789004288355_019
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nagase-Reimer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nagase-Reimer
1738年在长崎发生了一件戏剧性的事件：1 3名中国人被同胞殴打致死。这三名男子在两年前进入长崎港，本来是要回国的。其他的中国商人也在长崎待了很长时间，他们嫉妒两艘返航船只的船员，于是在夜间袭击了他们的同胞。第二年，长崎的华商闹事，造成2死11伤。除了这些伤亡事件外，中国人还多次放火焚烧他们的院落。这些事件告诉我们长崎的中国商人有多么沮丧。虽然海上返家只花了两周时间，但他们在长崎的中国小院里呆了两年多，等待铜矿的交付。由于长崎缺铜，该市出现了严重的安全问题。长崎铜短缺可能有三个原因。首先，日本的铜产量不足。铜产量的高峰年份是1700年左右。此后，尽管对它的需求仍然很高，但它减少并停滞不前。其次，国内对铜的需求份额增加了。在18世纪初，日本生产的铜约有70%用于出口。然而在18世纪70年代，
A dramatic incident occurred at Nagasaki in 1738: 1 Three Chinese were beaten to death by their fellow countrymen. These three men, who had entered the port of Nagasaki two years earlier, were due to leave for their home country. Other Chinese merchants, who had also been at Nagasaki for a long time, were envious of the crews of two homeward-bound ships and so attacked their fellow-countrymen at night. In the following year a riot broke out among Chinese merchants in Nagasaki which left two dead and eleven injured. Besides these cases of injury or death, the Chinese set fire to their compound several times. 2 These incidents tell us how frustrated Chinese merchants at Nagasaki were. Though the sea journey home took only two weeks, they stayed in the small Chinese compound in Nagasaki for more than two years, awaiting deliveries of copper. And because there was a shortage of copper at Nagasaki, serious security problems arose for the city.There are three possible reasons to explain shortage of copper at Nagasaki. First of all, not enough copper was being produced in Japan. The peak year for copper production was around 1700. Thereafter it decreased and stagnated, though demand for it continued to be high. 3 Second, the share of domestic demand for copper had increased. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, around 70% of copper produced in Japan was exported. In the 1770s, however,