Differences in forest composition following two periods of settlement by pre-Columbian Native Americans
Differences in forest composition following two periods of settlement by pre-Columbian Native Americans
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前哥伦布时期美洲原住民两个时期定居后森林组成的差异
DOI：
10.1007/s00334-021-00864-9
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Bird, Broxton W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Commerford, Julie L.;Gittens, Gabrielle;Gainforth, Sydney;Wilson, Jeremy J.;Bird, Broxton W.
北美东部的温带阔叶林是多样化的生态系统，其植被组成在过去几千年中因气候和人类驱动因素而发生了变化。然而，针对已知人类活动时期（特别是同一地点多个不同时期的人类活动）引起的植被组成和多样性长期变化的详细记录仍然相对稀疏。在这项研究中，我们检查了美国伊利诺伊州艾弗里湖的沉积物记录，使用源自花粉数据的多种指标来推断过去 3,000 年的植被组成和多样性。这段 3000 年的历史涵盖了金凯德土丘（毗邻艾弗里湖）的鲍默人（公元前 300 年至公元 300 年）和密西西比人定居点（公元 1150 年至公元 1450 年），并体现了这些群体对植被组成影响的差异。两个团体都积极清理当地景观，以用于定居和园艺/农业目的。鉴于耐火槲皮素的持续存在以及其他树类群的减少，这种清除很可能是通过使用火来实现的。我们还将自组织绘图技术应用于多元花粉组合，以识别不同时间植被组成的相似性和差异。这些结果表明，鲍默定居点前后艾弗里湖周围的植被成分相似，但密西西比定居点之后的植被成分有所不同。密西西比定居的结束与小冰河时期（1250-1850ce）相关的以夏季干燥和冬季湿润为特征的区域性水分变化同时发生，这可能阻止了该生态系统恢复到密西西比之前的组成。
Temperate broadleaf forests in eastern North America are diverse ecosystems whose vegetation composition has shifted over the last several millennia in response to climatic and human drivers. Yet, detailed records of long-term changes in vegetation composition and diversity in response to known periods of human activity, particularly multiple distinct periods of human activity at the same site, are still relatively sparse. In this study, we examine a sediment record from Avery Lake, Illinois, USA, using multiple metrics derived from pollen data to infer vegetation composition and diversity over the last 3,000 years. This 3,000-year history encompasses the Baumer (300bce–300ce) and Mississippian settlements (1150–1450ce) at Kincaid Mounds (adjacent to Avery Lake), and captures differences in the impact that these groups had on vegetation composition. Both groups actively cleared the local landscape for settlement and horticultural/agricultural purposes. Given the persistence of fire-tolerantQuercusin conjunction with declines in other tree taxa, this clearing likely occurred through the use of fire. We also apply a self-organized mapping technique to the multivariate pollen assemblages to identify similarities and differences in vegetation composition across time. Those results suggest that the vegetation surrounding Avery Lake was compositionally similar before and after the Baumer settlement, but compositionally different after the Mississippian settlement. The end of the Mississippian settlement occurred simultaneously with a regional shift in moisture characterized by drier summers and wetter winters associated with the Little Ice Age (1250–1850ce), which likely prevented this ecosystem from returning to its pre-Mississippian composition.
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金凯德土丘的残影
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Pursell
通讯作者：
C. Pursell
金凯德：史前伊利诺伊州大都市
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1953
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
F. Cole;R. E. Bell;J. Bennett;J. R. Caldwell;Norman Emerson;R. Macneish;K. Orr;Roger W. Willis
通讯作者：
Roger W. Willis
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
J. McAndrews;A. Berti;G. Norris
通讯作者：
G. Norris
伊利诺伊州南部前陶器福克纳遗址
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
R. Macneish
通讯作者：
R. Macneish
Iva annua 变种。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1972
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. A. Yarnell
通讯作者：
R. A. Yarnell