ENVIRONMENTS OF ORGANIZATIONS
ENVIRONMENTS OF ORGANIZATIONS
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.so.02.080176.000455
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发表时间：
1976-01-01
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
PFEFFER, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ALDRICH, HE;PFEFFER, J
组织与环境之间的关系在最近的组织社会学文献中引起了越来越多的关注。我们认为组织间关系这一主题是对组织及其环境进行更一般性研究的一个特例。组织间关系的维度已经被列出（Marrett 1971），并且已经提出了分析组织-环境关系的部分发展的范式。自然选择模型为环境视角提供了最有力的论据，它假定环境因素选择那些最适合环境的组织特征（Hannan & Freeman 1974，Aldrich 1971b）。一种补充模型，分别称为政治经济模型（Benson 1975，Wamsley & Zald 1973）、依赖交换方法（Jacobs 1974，Hasenfeld 1972）和资源依赖模型（Pfeffer 1972b），主张更多地关注内部组织政治决策过程，以及组织寻求管理或战略性适应其环境的观点。这两个模型一致认为组织环境对于理解组织决策和结构的重要性，但对环境选择作用的重要性的评估有所不同。当前的文献具有不完全发展的观点的元素，组织社会学的形态将由正在发生的隐含辩论决定。由于不可能确定这一论点的最终解决方案，因此我们选择在本章中研究这两种观点，并纳入来自产业组织、行政科学和组织行为以及组织社会学的文献。
The relationship between organizations and environments has drawn increasing attention in the recent literature of the sociology of organizations. We consider the subject of interorganizational relations to be a special case of the more general study of organizations and their environments. Dimensions of interorganizational relations have been listed (Marrett 1971), and partially developed paradigms for analyzing organization-environment relations have been proposed. The natural selection model, developing the strongest argument for an environmental perspective, posits that environmental factors select those organizational characteristics that best fit the environment (Hannan & Freeman 1974, Aldrich 1971b). A complementary model, variously called a political economy model (Benson 1975, Wamsley & Zald 1973), a dependence exchange approach (Jacobs 1974, Hasenfeld 1972), and a resource dependence model (Pfeffer 1972b), argues for greater attention to internal organizational political decision-making processes and also for the perspective that organizations seek to manage or strategically adapt to their environments. The two models agree on the importance of organizational environments for understanding organizational decisions and structures, but differ in their evaluation of the importance of the role of environmental selection. Current literature has elements of both incompletely developed perspectives and the shape of organizational sociology will be determined by the implicit debate taking place. As it is impossible to ascertain the ultimate resolution of this argument, we have chosen to examine both perspectives in this chapter, and to include literature from industrial organization, and administrative science and organizational behavior, as well as from organizational sociology.