Effect of leg conformation on survivability of Duroc, Landrace, and Large White sows
Effect of leg conformation on survivability of Duroc, Landrace, and Large White sows
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DOI：
10.2527/jas.2007-0755
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Casellas, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Sevilla, X. Fernandez;Fabrega, E.;Casellas, J.
母猪寿命影响农场经济，可以被认为是动物福利的重要指标。身体特征，如腿的构造可以发挥关键作用，母猪寿命，虽然很少有人知道它的影响淘汰决策。在此背景下，从587杜洛克，239长白猪，和217大白色母猪的寿命数据进行了分析，特别强调腿的构象的影响。对每个品种的母猪寿命进行两次分析，测试腿部构造的主观总体评分的影响，或存在或不存在6种特定的腿部构造缺陷。每个初步模型还包括3个水平的乳头形态评分，农场或来源，6月龄时的背膘厚度和2个连续变异来源，即首次分娩时的年龄和每次分娩时活产仔猪的数量。杜洛克、长白猪和大白色母猪的腿形评分影响母猪寿命（P < 0.01），腿形较差母猪的风险比（HR）（分别为1.56、2.16和1.79）大于腿形良好母猪的风险比（HR）（分别为0.32、0.66和0.68）。杜洛克牛蹄生长异常降低成活率（HR = 2.78; P < 0.001）和长白猪（HR = 1.88; P < 0.01）;八字脚的出现（P < 0.05）或磕碰、损伤（P < 0.001）增加了杜洛克母猪的淘汰风险（HR分别为2.08和3.57），而直胫的发生率增加了大白色母猪的HR（HR = 2.49; P < 0.01）。在所有3个品种中，跖行母猪的寿命降低，杜洛克母猪的HR（HR = 3.38; P < 0.001）大于长白猪（HR = 1.53; P < 0.10）和大白色母猪（HR = 1.73; P < 0.05）。乳头形态对母猪寿命无显著影响（P > 0.10）。杜洛克母猪寿命的遗传力估计值范围为0.05至0.07，取决于所应用的算法。腿部形态对母猪寿命有重大影响，在首次交配前准确去除腿部形态不佳的后备母猪可以提高母猪存活率并降低淘汰成本。这些适度的遗传力估计表明，杜洛克母猪的生存力可以通过直接选择腿形进行遗传改良。
Sow longevity influences farm economy and can be considered an important indicator of animal welfare. Body features such as leg conformation can play a key role in sow longevity, although little is known about its effect on culling decisions. Within this context, longevity data from 587 Duroc, 239 Landrace, and 217 Large White sows were analyzed with special emphasis on the effect of leg conformation. Sow longevity was analyzed twice for each breed, testing the effect of a subjective overall score for leg conformation, or the presence or absence of 6 specific leg conformation defects. Each preliminary model also included a teat conformation score with 3 levels, farm or origin, backfat thickness at 6 mo of age, and 2 continuous sources of variation, namely the age at the first farrowing and the number of piglets born alive at each farrowing. Overall leg conformation score influenced (P < 0.01) sow longevity in Duroc, Landrace, and Large White sows, with a greater hazard ratio (HR) for poorly conformed sows (1.56, 2.16, and 1.79, respectively) than for well-conformed sows (0.32, 0.66, and 0.68, respectively). Abnormal hoof growth reduced survivability in Duroc (HR = 2.78; P < 0.001) and Landrace sows (HR = 1.88; P < 0.01); the presence of splayed feet (P < 0.05) or bumps and injuries (P < 0.001) increased the risk of culling in Duroc sows (HR = 2.08 and 3.57, respectively), whereas the incidence of straight pastern increased the HR in Large White sows (HR = 2.49; P < 0.01). In all 3 breeds, longevity decreased for plantigrade sows, with a greater HR in Duroc (HR = 3.38; P < 0.001) than in Landrace (HR = 1.53; P < 0.10) and Large White sows (HR = 1.73; P < 0.05). Teat conformation did not influence sow longevity (P > 0.10). Estimates of heritability for longevity in Duroc sows ranged from 0.05 to 0.07 depending on the algorithm applied. Leg conformation had a substantial effect on sow longevity, where an accurate removal of poorly leg-conformed candidate gilts before first mating could improve sow survival and reduce culling costs. These moderate estimates of heritability indicated that survivability of Duroc sows could be genetically improved by direct selection for leg conformation.