Larger foraging range but similar habitat selection in non-breeding versus breeding sub-Antarctic penguins
Larger foraging range but similar habitat selection in non-breeding versus breeding sub-Antarctic penguins
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954102010000957
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Bost, Charles-Andre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste;Lescroel, Amelie;Bost, Charles-Andre
对于陆地繁殖的海洋生物，如海鸟，关于其栖息地利用的知识主要是通过对繁殖个体的研究获得的，这些个体被迫经常返回繁殖地。本研究旨在考察非繁殖期的生境选择是否能预测繁殖期的生境选择，以及繁殖个体的活动是否集中在最近的适宜生境上。本文从凯尔格伦群岛对两种具有不同觅食策略的海洋捕食者——巴布亚企鹅（Macaroni Eudyptes chrysolophus）和巴布亚企鹅（gentoo Pygoscelis papua）进行了跟踪研究，并通过马氏距离因子分析研究了它们的栖息地选择。本研究首次提供了关于巴布亚企鹅幼崽分散的数据。结果显示，在非繁殖期，这两个物种的最大活动范围是前者的6.9倍，最远活动距离是后者的12.2倍。生境适宜性地图显示，无论在哪个时期，这两个物种都做出了相似的环境选择。通心粉企鹅的目标是大陆架断裂以外的远洋区域，而巴布亚企鹅总是呆在大陆架上。我们考虑了在繁殖期之外进行的大规模运动的生态意义，并建议在试图理解动物的栖息地选择时，这种非繁殖期是特别有趣的。
For land-breeding marine organisms such as seabirds, knowledge about their habitat use has mainly been gained through studies of breeding individuals that are constrained to return frequently to their breeding grounds. In this study we set out to measure whether: a) habitat selection in the non-breeding period predicts habitat selection in the breeding period, and b) whether breeding individuals concentrated their activity on the closest suitable habitats. Macaroni Eudyptes chrysolophus and gentoo Pygoscelis papua penguins, two marine predators with contrasting foraging strategies, were tracked from the Iles Kerguelen and their habitat selection investigated through Mahalanobis distances factorial analysis. This study presents the first data about gentoo penguins' juvenile dispersal. For both species, results showed 6.9 times larger maximum ranges and up to 12.2 times greater distances travelled during the non-breeding period. Habitat suitability maps suggested both species made similar environmental selections whatever the period. Macaroni penguins targeted pelagic areas beyond the shelf break while gentoo penguins always remained over the shelf. We consider the ecological significance of larger scale movements made outside the breeding period and suggest that this non-breeding period is of particular interest when attempting to understand an animal's habitat selection.