L-glycine: a novel antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective agent
L-glycine: a novel antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective agent
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DOI：
10.1097/00075197-200303000-00013
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Lemasters, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhong, Z;Wheeler, MD;Lemasters, JJ
综述目的近年来，越来越多的证据表明，最简单的氨基酸L-甘氨酸具有免疫调节和细胞保护作用。本文将重点介绍近年来有关保护机制的研究结果，并综述甘氨酸在不同疾病状态下的有益作用。近年来的研究结果甘氨酸对出血、内毒素和脓毒症引起的休克具有保护作用，对肝脏、肾脏、心脏、肠道和骨骼肌等多种组织和器官的缺血/再灌注和冷藏/再灌注损伤具有保护作用，减少肝肾毒物和药物对肝肾的损伤。甘氨酸还可预防肽聚糖多糖诱导的关节炎，抑制胃分泌，并保护胃粘膜免受化学和应激诱导的溃疡。甘氨酸似乎发挥几种保护作用，包括抑制、免疫调节和直接细胞保护作用。甘氨酸作用于炎性细胞如巨噬细胞，以抑制转录因子的活化以及自由基和炎性细胞因子的形成。在质膜中，甘氨酸似乎激活稳定或超极化质膜电位的氯离子通道。因此，激动剂诱导的L-型电压依赖性钙通道的开放和细胞内钙离子的增加受到抑制，这可能是甘氨酸的免疫调节和抑制作用的原因。最后，甘氨酸阻断质膜中相对非特异性孔的开放，其作为倒数第二个事件发生，导致坏死细胞death.Summary多重保护作用使甘氨酸成为炎性疾病的有希望的治疗策略。
Purpose of review In recent years, evidence has mounted in favor of the antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory and cytoprotective effects of the simplest amino acid L-glycine. This article will focus on the recent findings about the responsible mechanisms of protection and review the beneficial effects of glycine in different disease states.Recent findings Glycine protects against shock caused by hemorrhage, endotoxin and sepsis, prevents ischemia/reperfusion and cold storage/reperfusion injury to a variety of tissues and organs including liver, kidney, heart, intestine and skeletal muscle, and diminishes liver and renal injury caused by hepatic and renal toxicants and drugs. Glycine also protects against peptidoglycan polysaccharide-induced arthritis and inhibits gastric secretion and protects the gastric mucosa against chemically and stress-induced ulcers. Glycine appears to exert several protective effects, including antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory and direct cytoprotective actions. Glycine acts on inflammatory cells such as macrophages to suppress activation of transcription factors and the formation of free radicals and inflammatory cytokines. In the plasma membrane, glycine appears to activate a chloride channel that stabilizes or hyperpolarizes the plasma membrane potential. As a consequence, agonist-induced opening of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and the resulting increases in intracellular calcium ions are suppressed, which may account for the immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory effects of glycine. Lastly, glycine blocks the opening of relatively nonspecific pores in the plasma membrane that occurs as the penultimate event leading to necrotic cell death.Summary Multiple protective effects make glycine a promising treatment strategy for inflammatory diseases.