Human impact on floods and flood disasters on the Yangtze River
Human impact on floods and flood disasters on the Yangtze River
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DOI：
10.1016/s0169-555x(01)00108-8
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发表时间：
2001-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Hongfu Yin;Chang’an Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hongfu Yin;Chang’an Li
在长江中游，洪水越来越频繁，水位也比以前高。损害变得越来越严重。这主要是人类在流域活动的结果。有三个方面值得特别注意。首先，植被的破坏导致了上游的水土流失。在过去的30年里，森林覆盖面积减少了一半，而遭受严重侵蚀的面积增加了一倍。从长远来看，这可能会增加洪水。其次，土地开垦和淤积减少了湖泊的规模。这导致了蓄洪能力的下降。第三，由于防洪能力受到限制，筑堤导致洪水水位上升。锦江大堤的修建造成了长江中游河床和流域的淤积。因此，泄洪能力下降到60000 - 68000 m3/s，仅能应付一般洪水。本文认为，洪涝灾害的恶化是人类对自然环境干预不当的结果。建议适当的策略应由“挡水”转变为“让路”。简要总结了正在考虑的相关战术和战略。
In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the floods have become more and more frequent, and the water level rises higher than before. The damages are becoming ever more serious. This is primarily a consequence of human activity in the river basin. Three aspects deserve particular attention. First, destruction of vegetation has led to soil erosion in the upper reaches. In the past 30 years, the forest cover has been reduced to half, while the area exposed to severe erosion doubled in size. In the long run, this can be expected to increase flooding. Second, land reclamation and siltation has reduced lake sizes. This has resulted in decrease of the flood storage capacity. Third, the construction of levees has caused flood levels to rise due to restricted flood discharge capacity. Establishment of the Great Jinjiang levee caused silting up of the riverbed and valley in the mid-reaches of Yangtze. Consequently, the discharge capacity decreased to 60,000–68,000 m3/s, which is sufficient only for ordinary floods. This article concludes that the deteriorating flood situation is the result of inappropriate human intervention in the natural environment. It is suggested that the appropriate strategy should change from “keeping the flood away” to “giving the flood way”. Related tactics and strategies under consideration are briefly summarized.