NEUROMUSCULAR FATIGUE AND RECOVERY IN MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES DURING HEAVY RESISTANCE EXERCISE
NEUROMUSCULAR FATIGUE AND RECOVERY IN MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES DURING HEAVY RESISTANCE EXERCISE
复制标题
DOI：
10.1055/s-2007-1021146
复制
发表时间：
1993-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
HAKKINEN, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HAKKINEN, K
为了检查神经肌肉疲劳和恢复情况，10名男性和9名女性运动员进行了剧烈的大阻力运动方案。受试者以相同的最大相对强度拉伸腿部伸肌，进行一次最大蹲举，负荷为100% 1 RM（一次最大重复）20次（20 x 1 x 100%）。分别在运动前、运动后及休息1小时、2小时、1天、2天后测量腿伸肌的最大自主神经激活（综合肌电图）、最大双侧等距力、力-时间、松弛时间曲线。训练结束后立即记录的结果显示，雄性的最大力量逐渐下降了24.1 +/- 14.4% (p < 0.001)，雌性下降了20.5 +/- 11.8% （p < 0.01）。运动肌肉的最大肌电信号在男性中也有显著下降（p < 0.05 ~ 0.01），而女性中相应的下降幅度较小。男性和女性的力-时间曲线均有较大的右移（p < 0.001），但男性的平均变化（27.8 +/- 13.8%）大于女性的平均变化（18.7 +/- 8.3%）（p < 0.05）。两组力松弛时间均延长（p < 0.05）。女性在休息1小时内恢复的最大力量比男性多（p < 0.05），但此后两组逐渐恢复，恢复程度相同。目前的研究结果表明，剧烈的重阻力负荷可能导致神经肌肉系统出现相当严重的急性疲劳，不仅导致肌肉的力量生产能力下降，而且还导致运动肌肉的自愿神经激活减少。男性在剧烈负荷时的神经肌肉疲劳可能比女性更严重，疲劳的急性恢复也比女性慢。
To examine neuromuscular fatigue and recovery ten male and nine female athletes performed a strenuous heavy resistance exercise protocol. The subjects strained their leg extensor muscles with the same maximal relative intensity by performing one maximal squat-lift with a load of 100% of 1 RM (one repetition maximum) 20 times (20 x 1 x 100%). Maximal voluntary neural activation (integrated EMG), maximal bilateral isometric force, force-time and relaxation-time curves of the leg extensor muscles were measured before and immediately after the exercise session as well as after resting for 1 hour, 2 hours, 1 day and 2 days. The session resulted in considerable gradual decreases in maximal force in the males by 24.1 +/- 14.4% (p < 0.001) and in the females by 20.5 +/- 11.8% (p < 0.01) as recorded immediately after the session. Significant (p < 0.05-0.01) decreases also took place in the males in the maximal IEMGs of the exercised muscles, while the corresponding decreases in the females were minor. The force-time curve shifted greatly to the right both in the males (p < 0.001) and in the females (p < 0.01) but the average change of 27.8 +/- 13.8% in the males was greater (p < 0.05) than that of 18.7 +/- 8.3% recorded for the females. The time of force relaxation lengthened (p < 0.05) in both groups. Maximal force recovered during the first hour of rest was more (p < 0.05) in the females than in the males but thereafter the recovery took place gradually in both groups to the same degree. The present findings suggest that strenuous heavy resistance loading may result in considerable acute fatigue in the neuromuscular system leading not only to the decreased force production capacity of the muscles but also to a decrease in the voluntary neural activation of the exercised muscles. In males neuromuscular fatigue during strenuous loading may be greater and acute recovery from fatigue slower than in females.