Exosomes and Their Therapeutic Potentials of Stem Cells.
Exosomes and Their Therapeutic Potentials of Stem Cells.
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外泌体及其干细胞的治疗潜力
DOI：
10.1155/2016/7653489
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Wang T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Han C;Sun X;Liu L;Jiang H;Shen Y;Xu X;Li J;Zhang G;Huang J;Lin Z;Xiong N;Wang T
外泌体是一组来源于多泡体（MVB）的囊泡，当MVB与质膜融合时，外泌体被释放到细胞外空间。大量研究表明，外泌体在细胞间通讯中起着重要作用，来自特定细胞类型和条件的外泌体显示出多种功能，例如对许多组织的再生产生积极影响。人们普遍认为，干细胞的治疗潜力可能主要是由旁分泌因子介导的，因此利用干细胞和祖细胞的旁分泌效应而不影响这些活的、复制的和潜在的多能细胞群在安全性和复杂性方面是一个优势。越来越多的证据表明，外泌体可能是旁分泌因子的主要成分;因此，了解外泌体在干细胞各亚型中的作用意义深远。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了来自不同类型干细胞的外泌体的功能，并强调了外泌体的治疗潜力，为开发治疗疾病的策略提供了另一种方法。
Exosomes, a group of vesicles originating from the multivesicular bodies (MVBs), are released into the extracellular space when MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane. Numerous studies indicate that exosomes play important roles in cell-to-cell communication, and exosomes from specific cell types and conditions display multiple functions such as exerting positive effects on regeneration in many tissues. It is widely accepted that the therapeutic potential of stem cells may be mediated largely by the paracrine factors, so harnessing the paracrine effects of stem and progenitor cells without affecting these living, replicating, and potentially pluripotent cell populations is an advantage in terms of safety and complexity. Ascending evidence indicated that exosomes might be the main components of paracrine factors; thus, understanding the role of exosomes in each subtype of stem cells is far-reaching. In this review, we discuss the functions of exosomes from different types of stem cells and emphasize the therapeutic potentials of exosomes, providing an alternative way of developing strategies to cure diseases.