The Epidemiology and Culture of Violence
The Epidemiology and Culture of Violence
复制标题
暴力的流行病学和文化
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Andersson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Marks;N. Andersson
南非是一个非常暴力的社会。公开暴力有不同的形式和背景，但近年来，特别是在政治领域，由国家实施的和针对国家的公开暴力更加明显。从1985年至1987年期间被杀害的人数可以衡量公开暴力的程度，当时有近3000人死于街头政治暴力，其中大多数死于安全部队之手; 1自1986年以来，针对警察和军队的所谓“叛乱事件”急剧增加，以及反对不受欢迎的黑人合作者，国家证人和偶尔的平民;自1986年以来的三年中，发生了大约700起此类袭击事件，而在截至1985年的九年中，针对警察和军事目标的袭击事件只有58起。2即使年袭击率增加了37倍，叛乱事件造成的死亡人数（1986-1989年期间每年不到40人）与这一时期由于警察和军队在城镇的行动、司法绞刑、乡村白色人对黑人的暴力事件或所谓的黑人民团之间的自相残杀而造成的死亡人数相比，就显得微不足道了，通常得到警察和他们的黑人政治对手的公开或默许的支持。
South Africa is a very violent society. Overt violence is present in different forms and contexts but, especially in the political sphere, overt violence by and against the state has become much more conspicuous in recent years. The level of overt violence can be gauged from the numbers killed between 1985 and 1987 when almost 3000 people died in street political violence, the majority of them at the hands of the security forces; thousands more were injured.1 Since 1986, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of so-called ‘insurgency incidents’ against the police and the army, as well as against unpopular black collaborators, state witnesses and occasionally civilians; over the three years since 1986, there have been about 700 such attacks compared to only 58 attacks against police and military targets in the nine years up to 1985.2 Even with this 37-fold increase in annual attack-rates, the death toll of the insurgency incidents (less than 40 per year between 1986–1989) pales into insignificance next to the number of deaths over this period as a result of police and army action in the townships, judicial hangings, incidents of white on black violence in the countryside, or internecine warfare between so-called black vigilantes, often overtly or tacitly supported by the police, and their black political opponents.