Predictors of Nonresponse in a Longitudinal Survey of Adolescents
Predictors of Nonresponse in a Longitudinal Survey of Adolescents
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青少年纵向调查中无反应的预测因素
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发表时间：
2001
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Juan Yang
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作者：
W. Kalsbeek;R. Agans;Juan Yang
介绍纵向设计的调查提供了一个独特的机会，研究的原因和影响的不回答，特别是当参与者在一个给定的一轮从一个队列的受访者从前几轮招募。在给定的一轮调查中，受访者和非受访者的调查数据的可用性允许人们直接估计非回答偏差及其组成部分，以及衡量权重调整策略的相对有效性（Ka lsbeek et al. 2001）。此外，可以利用在几轮数据收集过程中与同一样本进行多次接触的机会，调查调查设计和过程在确定各轮后续行动的最终征聘结果方面所发挥的作用。在纵向队列研究中，多次招募相同的样本扩展了样本招募结果的潜在可行预测因子列表。一个人对一个样本的研究次数越多，他就有越多的机会观察那些可能影响以后几轮招聘的事情。尽管如此，在纵向研究中，关于无应答预测因子的研究相对较少。例如，De Maio（1980）研究了过去调查经验的作用，而Aneshensel等人（1989）研究了基线访谈特征的作用（例如，长度）。最近，Lengacher等人（1995年）研究了激励措施的效果，Campanelli和O 'Muirchartaigh（1999年）报告了连续几轮面试中面试官连续性的作用。大多数关于这一主题的剩余研究都集中在横截面的面对面和电话调查中的无应答。本文探讨了影响多轮队列样本随访中受试者招募结果的因素。特别是，我们的目标是确定这些设计和过程的功能，影响任何四个0/1招聘结果变量，后来定义为全国青少年健康纵向研究（添加健康研究），一个全国性的以学校为基础的健康调查的青少年与几轮在家里的后续行动后，最初在学校管理。这些变量假设招募可以导致研究参与，或以下四种类型的无应答中的任何一种，根据招募过程中最终结果发生的位置进行定义（Lessler和Kalsbeek，1992年）：1）不征求（NS）：样本成员没有被采访者征求参与，因为：他们已经搬家，新地址不详，他们在国外，或者访谈员在与他们的居住地建立联系后无法与他们谈论参与调查的情况。2)受邀请但无法参与（SUA）：样本成员被要求参与研究，但他们因无法参与而拒绝。可能的原因包括：身体/精神上的无能，语言障碍，日程安排问题，等等。3）被请求但不愿意（SUW）：样本成员被要求参加，但他们拒绝。拒绝的原因包括：保密问题、对政府的不信任、只是太忙碌、话题太私人、不做调查等等。4）其他非受访者（OTH）：样本成员由于不符合上述三个类别的任何一个原因而未能成为参与者。一些例子是丢失的时间表，部分受访者，和其他不可采访的受访者。在某些纵向访谈调查中，我们为特定回合的招聘结果建立了一个概念框架，并为Add Health研究的家庭第二波（IH 2）回合的各种招聘结果建立了独立的多变量logistic回归模型。在我们的研究中，使用了先前家庭第一轮（IH 1）的问卷调查和过程数据，以预测四轮特定的招募结果。
Introduction Longitudinal design in surveys provides a unique opportunity to study the causes and effects of nonresponse, particularly when participants in a given round are recruited from a cohort of respondents from the prior rounds. The availability of survey data for respondents and nonrespondents in a given round allows one to directly estimate nonresponse bias and its components, as well as to gauge the relative effectiveness of weight adjustment strategies (Ka lsbeek et al. 2001). In addition, multiple contacts with the same sample over several rounds of data collection can be utilized to investigate the role that the survey design and process play in determining the final recruitment outcome for individual followup rounds. Recruiting the same sample on multiple occasions expands the list of potentially viable predictors of sample recruitment outcomes in longitudinal cohort studies. The more times one works with a sample, the more opportunities one has to observe those things that may influence recruitment in later rounds. Despite this, relatively few published studies on the predictors of nonresponse in longitudinal studies have been done. De Maio (1980), for example, examined the role of past survey experience, while Aneshensel et al. (1989) studied the role of characteristics of the baseline interview (e.g., length). More recently, Lengacher, et al. (1995) have studied the effect of incentives, and Campanelli and O’Muirchartaigh (1999) have reported on the role of interviewer continuity across consecutive rounds. Most of the remaining research on this topic has focused on nonresponse in cross-sectional in-person and telephone surveys. This paper examines factors affecting several outcomes of subject recruitment in followup rounds of multi-round cohort samples. In particular, our goal is to identify those design and process features which affect any of four 0/1 recruitment outcome variables, defined later for the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (the Add Health Study), a national school-based health survey of teenagers with several rounds of in-home followup after an initial in-school administration. These variables presume that recruitment can lead to study participation, or any of the following four types of nonresponse, defined according to where in the recruitment process the end result occurs (Lessler and Kalsbeek, 1992): 1) Not Solicited (NS) : Sample members are not solicited for participation by the interviewer because: they have moved and their new address is unknown, they are out of the country, or interviewers were not able to talk to them about survey participation after having established contact with their place of residence. 2) Solicited but Unable (SUA) : Sample members are asked to participation in the study, but they decline because of their inability to do so. Possible reasons include: physically/mentally incapable, language barriers, scheduling problems, and so on. 3) Solicited but Unwilling (SUW) : Sample members are asked to participate but they refuse. Reasons for declining in this way include: confidentiality concerns, mistrust of government, just too busy, topic too personal, don’t do surveys, and so on. 4) Other nonrespondents (OTH) : Sample members fail to become participants for a reason that does not fit in any of the three previous categories. Some examples are lost schedules, partial respondents, and other noninterviewable respondents. Following a conceptual framework for round-specific recruitment outcomes in certain longitudinal interview surveys, we fit separate multivariate logistic regression models for various recruitment outcomes of the in-home Wave II (IH2) round of the Add Health Study. Questionnaire and process data from the prior in-home Wave I round (IH1) were used in our search for predictors of four round-specific recruitment outcomes.