Mitochondrial dynamics in the regulation of nutrient utilization and energy expenditure.
Mitochondrial dynamics in the regulation of nutrient utilization and energy expenditure.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.002
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发表时间：
2013-04-02
期刊：
影响因子：
29
通讯作者：
Shirihai OS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liesa M;Shirihai OS
线粒体融合、裂变和线粒体自噬形成了线粒体质量控制的重要轴。然而，质量控制可能并不是线粒体动力学执行的唯一任务。最近的研究将线粒体动力学与能量需求和营养供应之间的平衡联系起来，表明线粒体结构的变化是生物能适应代谢需求的机制。通过支持连接或分散的结构，线粒体动力学调节生物能效率和能量消耗。将生物能适应和质量控制作为线粒体动力学的竞争任务可能会提供一种新机制，将过量的营养环境与进行性线粒体功能障碍（常见于年龄相关疾病）联系起来。线粒体具有非常活跃的社会生活方式，涉及频繁的融合和裂变事件。失去正常呼吸能力的线粒体会被排除在网络群体之外，并将被相当于狮子的细胞自噬体所吞噬。这形成了质量控制的途径。然而，最近的研究表明，细胞水平上线粒体融合的停滞（也称为“断裂”）在适应过量营养环境中发挥着作用。认识到营养过剩的环境使线粒体陷入生物利益冲突可能有助于理解代谢和衰老相关疾病之间的联系。
Mitochondrial fusion, fission and mitophagy form an essential axis of mitochondrial quality control. However, quality control may not be the only task carried out by mitochondrial dynamics. Recent studies link mitochondrial dynamics to the balance between energy demand and nutrient supply, suggesting changes in mitochondrial architecture as a mechanism for bioenergetic adaptation to metabolic demands. By favoring either connected or fragmented architectures, mitochondrial dynamics regulates bioenergetic efficiency and energy expenditure. Placing bioenergetic adaptation and quality control as competing tasks of mitochondrial dynamics may provide a new mechanism, linking excess nutrient environment to progressive mitochondrial dysfunction, common to age-related diseases. Mitochondria have a very active social life style involving frequent fusion and fission events. Mitochondria that lose their ability to properly respire become excluded from the networking population and will be consumed by the cellular equivalent of a lion, the autophagosome. This forms a pathway of quality control. However, recent studies suggest that arrest of mitochondrial fusion at the cellular level, also termed “fragmentation”, is playing a role in the adaptation to excess nutrient environment. Recognizing that excess nutrient environment places mitochondria in a biological conflict of interest may help understanding the link between metabolic and aging associated conditions.
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