Spatial distribution of major and trace elements in a mining dam: sources and relationships among elements of environmental concern
Spatial distribution of major and trace elements in a mining dam: sources and relationships among elements of environmental concern
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DOI：
10.1007/s12665-015-4863-z
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
T. Valente;T. Valente;J. Grande;J. C. Cerón;M. L. Torre;M. Santisteban;J. Borrego;P. Fernández;Daniel Sánchez-Rodas
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文献类型：
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作者：
T. Valente;T. Valente;J. Grande;J. C. Cerón;M. L. Torre;M. Santisteban;J. Borrego;P. Fernández;Daniel Sánchez-Rodas
主要元素和微量元素的浓度已经在位于托托河流域上游地区（西班牙西南部）的一个采矿大坝的沉积物样本中进行了测定。这座大坝是为了满足采矿作业的用水需求而建造的，现在已经被堆积的细沉积物堵塞了。化学元素的垂直和水平分布结果表明，铁和铝的平均浓度最高，均为10%，S约为4%。砷和铅等有毒元素的浓度也很高（分别为2515和5172 mg/kg）。富集因子（EF）测定表明，沉积物中富集与块状硫化物矿体及随后的酸性矿水过程有关的元素。Pb和As是主要环境元素，富集系数均大于10。聚类分析的应用证明了元素的主要来源，允许对积累物质的起源进行建模。因此，除了来自硫化物（Fe， S）和脉石（Al, Mg）的贡献外，还有从层状硅酸盐和长石中调动的一组元素（如Ca和K），以及一个反映稀土元素在这种酸性环境中地球化学亲和力的特定基团。此外，元素组合的方式证明了这个世界闻名的河流流域4000多年采矿历史中地质贡献的异质性以及采矿周期。
The concentration of major and trace elements have been determined in sediments samples taken from a mining dam, located in the upper area of the Tinto River basin (SW Spain). This dam, built to fulfil water needs for mining operations, is now completed clogged by accumulation of fine sediments. The results obtained for vertical and horizontal distribution of chemical elements showed highest average concentrations of Fe and Al, both with 10 %, and S (about 4 %). Toxic elements, such as As and Pb occur also with high concentrations (2515 and 5172 mg/kg, respectively). Determination of Enrichment Factors (EF) showed that sediments are enriched in elements related with the massive sulphide ore bodies and subsequent acid mine drainage processes. The elements Pb and As are that of major environmental concern, with enrichment factors higher than 10. Application of cluster analysis put in evidence the main sources of elements, allowing for the modelling of the origin of the accumulated matter. Therefore, in addition to contributions from sulphide (Fe, S) and gangue (Al, Mg), there are grouping of elements mobilized from phyllosilicates and feldspars, (e.g. Ca and K) as well as a specific group that reflects the geochemical affinity of rare earth elements in such acidic environment. Moreover, the way how elements are grouped testify the heterogeneity of geological contributions as well as the mining cycles over 4000 years of mining history in this worldwide known river basin.